Best Doctor for Asthma Treatment in Jaipur : In 2019, asthma affected an estimated 262 million people and killed 4,55,000 people. Asthma symptoms can be controlled with inhaled medication, allowing patients with asthma to live a normal, active life. The majority of asthma deaths occur in low- and lower-middle-income countries, where underdiagnosis and undertreatment are frequent.

Asthma is a serious noncommunicable disease (NCD) that affects both children and adults and is the most common chronic ailment in children. Asthma symptoms are caused by inflammation and narrowing of the tiny airways in the lungs, which can include any combination of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

WHO is committed to improving asthma diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring to lower the global burden of NCDs and move closer to universal health coverage. Dr. Sheetu Singh has also expanded her expertise in Asthma. She is a well-known Asthma specialist doctor in Jaipur, Rajasthan. She is successful in building a reputable clientele base.

Causes of Asthma

Several factors have been linked to an increased chance of having asthma while identifying a single, direct cause is typically challenging.

• Those who have other allergy disorders, such as eczema or rhinitis, are more susceptible to developing asthma
• Asthma is more common in families when other members have asthma, particularly close relatives such as a parent or sibling
• Early childhood experiences affect the developing lungs and can increase the risk of asthma. They include low birth weight, preterm, tobacco smoking, and other types of air pollution, as well as viral respiratory infections.
• Asthma prevalence rises with urbanization, most likely due to a combination of lifestyle variables
• Environmental allergens and irritants such as indoor and outdoor air pollution, house dust mites, molds, and occupational contact with chemicals, fumes, or dust are also known to raise the risk of asthma
• Children and adults who are overweight or obese are at a higher risk of having asthma

Check the effects of dust, and aerosol on patients with asthma.

Asthma Symptoms by Asthma Expert of Jaipur

Asthma symptoms fluctuate from person to person. You may experience rare asthma episodes, symptoms only at certain times (for example, when exercising), or symptoms all of the time. Asthma symptoms and indicators include:

• Pain or chest tightness
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing when exhaling is a common symptom of asthma in youngsters
• Coughing or wheezing attacks are exacerbated by a respiratory illness, such as the common cold or the flu
• Sleeping issues are brought on by shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing

Asthma symptoms for some people worsen in the following scenarios.

• Exercise-induced asthma may be exacerbated if the air is cold and dry
• Occupational asthma, irritants in the workplace such as chemical fumes, gases, or dust
• Allergy-induced asthma is aggravated by airborne things such as pollen, mold spores, cockroach feces, or skin and dry saliva particles shed by dogs (pet dander).

Diagnosis of Asthma

Here’s a brief overview of the diagnosis of asthma disease:

• Physical examination by a healthcare provider
• Lung function tests, such as spirometry, measure how much air you can exhale and how quickly you can do it
• Allergy testing to identify possible triggers
• Imaging tests, such as chest X-rays or CT scans, to rule out other conditions
• Keeping track of symptoms with a peak flow meter or symptom diary

Treatment by Asthma Specialist

Here’s a brief overview of the treatment of asthma disease:

• Inhalers, including quick-relief (bronchodilators) and long-term control medications (steroids)
• Allergy medications, such as antihistamines or nasal sprays
• Immunotherapy (allergy shots) for those with allergies as a trigger
• Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding triggers like smoke, dust, or pet dander
• Emergency treatment, such as oxygen therapy or nebulizers, for severe symptoms or attacks.

It’s important to work with a healthcare provider to create an individualized asthma management plan that fits your specific needs and symptoms.

When to See An Asthma Specialist Doctor?

Severe asthma attacks can be deadly. See the best asthma specialist doctor, Dr Sheetu Singh about what to do if your signs and symptoms worsen- and when you require immediate medical attention. Asthma emergency symptoms include:

• The quick deterioration of shortness of breath or wheezing
• Shortness of breath when conducting little physical activity
• Even after utilizing a pain reliever inhaler, there was no improvement

You can also consult with the best asthma specialist doctor in Jaipur on the emergency line at 8696666380.

World Hemophilia Day is celebrated on 17th April every year, seeking to improve awareness of hemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders. The day is celebrated in honor of Frank Schnabel, founder of the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH). The meta-analysis revealed that the inherited bleeding disorder affects over 1,125,000 men worldwide, with 418,000 suffering from a severe form of the disease that often goes undiagnosed. This represents a significant increase from the previous estimate of 400,000 individuals globally with the disorder.

Haemophilia is a medical disorder, mainly inherited, in which the capacity of blood to clot is substantially decreased so that even a little injury can produce major bleeding. Haemophilia is caused by a mutation or change, in one of the genes, that provides instructions for manufacturing the clotting factor proteins needed to generate a blood clot.

What is The World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH)?

The World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) is an international non-profit organization that is dedicated to improving the lives of people with hemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders. Some key facts about the WFH include:

• The WFH was founded in 1963 and is based in Montreal, Canada.
• The organization has a global network of member organizations in more than 140 countries.
• The WFH works to improve diagnosis, treatment, and care for people with hemophilia and other bleeding disorders through a range of programs and initiatives.
• The WFH advocates for access to safe and effective treatment for all people with bleeding disorders, regardless of where they live or their ability to pay.
• The WFH is committed to advancing research and education in the field of bleeding disorders to improve outcomes for patients.
• The WFH organizes World Hemophilia Day, which is celebrated annually on April 17 to raise awareness about bleeding disorders and the challenges faced by people living with them.
• The mission of WFH is to improve and sustain care for people with inherited bleeding disorders worldwide.

World Hemophilia Day Theme

This year The International theme is “Access for All: Prevention of Bleeds as the global standard of Care”. The purpose is to increase access to treatment and care with an emphasis on better management and prevention of bleeds for all people with bleeding disorders.

What is Hemophilia?

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to clot blood properly. People with hemophilia have low levels of certain clotting factors, which are proteins in the blood that help control bleeding. This means that they may bleed for a longer time than others after an injury, or they may bleed internally without any obvious injury.

Due to the genetic mechanisms responsible for determining the sex of a child, hemophilia is more prevalent among males than females. It is a quite rare disease, every 1 in 10,000 people is born with it.

Types of Hemophilia

There are two main types of hemophilia:

1. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is the most common form and is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII.

2. Hemophilia B: Hemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease, is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor IX.

Both types are inherited, meaning they are passed down from parent to child through their genes.

Symptoms | World Hemophilia Day

Hemophilia is typically diagnosed in childhood, and symptoms can range from mild to severe depending on the level of clotting factor present in the blood. Here are several symptoms of hemophilia, which have been described below:

• There is bleeding into the joints and muscles
• Big bruises or nosebleeds
• Spontaneous bleeding (sudden bleeding inside the body for no clear reason)
• Prolonged bleeding after getting a cut, removing a tooth, or having surgery
• The severity of hemophilia symptoms can vary depending on the type of hemophilia and the individual’s clotting factor levels.
• People with severe hemophilia may experience frequent and severe bleeding episodes, while those with mild hemophilia may only experience bleeding symptoms after surgery or significant injury.
• Other symptoms of hemophilia may include swelling, pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the affected joints.

Treatment

With proper treatment and management, people with hemophilia can live relatively normal and healthy lives. Here are some treatments for Hemophilia which have been given below:

• Replacement theory is the primary treatment for hemophilia. Treatment for hemophilia typically involves replacing the clotting factors that are missing or not working properly in the blood.
• Concentrates of clotting factor VIII (for Haemophilia A) or clotting factor IX (for Haemophilia B) are slowly dripped or injected into a vein. These infusions help to replace the clotting factor, that is low or missing.
• In addition to clotting factor replacement therapy, people with hemophilia may also need to take medications to prevent bleeding or to manage pain.
• Other treatments for hemophilia may include physical therapy, which can help improve joint mobility and prevent joint damage.
• It is important for people with hemophilia to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that meets their individual needs.

Indian Scenario of Haemophilia

• The World Federation of Hemophilia’s 2017 Annual Global Survey reported that there were over 196,000 people living with hemophilia worldwide in that year.
• India had the highest number of cases among country-wise data, with nearly 19,000 reported cases.
• It is estimated that around 80% of cases are unreported, indicating that the actual number of people with hemophilia may be close to 200,000.

Registered Cases 

India – 18,966

US – 30,000-33,000

China – 14,390

Brazil – 12,432

France – 7,524

World – 1,125,000

A study by The American Journal of Managed Care (AJMC) found that, per 100,000 males, there are:

• 17.1 cases for all severities of hemophilia A
• 6.0 cases of severe hemophilia A
• 3.8 cases for all severities of hemophilia B
• 1.1 cases for severe hemophilia B

Per 100,000 males, the prevalence at birth is:

• 24.6 cases for all severities of hemophilia A
• 9.5 cases of severe hemophilia A
• 5.0 cases for all severities of hemophilia B
• 1.5 cases of severe hemophilia B

People with hemophilia who are born in upper-middle-income countries will have a 64% reduction in their chances of living a normal lifespan with good quality of life, while those born in middle-income countries will have a 77% reduction. In low-income countries, the reduction can be as high as 93%.

How to Celebrate World Hemophilia Day

Numerous events are organized every year on World Hemophilia Day, filled with educational presentations and other events that promote awareness of the disease and those who suffer from it. If you’re unable to attend, you could consider sending a donation to the World Federation of Hemophilia to assist support their fight against this crippling disorder, especially in the poorest parts of the world.

Another thing you could do is find the World Federation of Hemophilia’s Facebook page and proceed to share some of the many infographics they post in order to help your Facebook friends become more informed as well.

Event of World Hemophilia Day

World Hemophilia Day aids in the recruitment of volunteers for the world federation of Hemophilia as well as the fundraising of funds for patients who cannot afford hemophilia treatment. Every year on World Hemophilia Day, a variety of activities, including lectures and other activities, are planned to raise awareness of the condition and those affected by it.
By bringing hemophilia and other hereditary bleeding diseases to the attention of policymakers, we can improve long-term and equitable access to care and treatment. The Covid-19 epidemic and the situation in Ukraine continue to touch the globe, but one thing hasn’t changed: we are still in this together and will always be more potent as a community in our shared purpose of “treatment for all”.

FAQs

• What is the significance of World Hemophilia Day?

Every year on April 17th, World Hemophilia Day is celebrated. It is celebrated all over the world as a day of Awareness for Hemophilia (sometimes written as haemophilia) and linked with bleeding disorders, as well as the World Federation of Hemophilia founder Frank Schnabel’s birthday.

• Who does hemophilia affect the most?

Both two major forms of hemophilia occur more commonly in males than in females. The most common type of condition is Hemophilia A; 1 in 4,000 to 1 in 5,000 males all over the world are born with this disorder. Hemophilia B occurs in approx 1 in 20,000 newborn males all over the world.

• How do we celebrate World Hemophilia Day?

To show your support for World Hemophilia Day and those affected by bleeding disorders, light a red lamp in your home, office, or local landmark. This simple gesture can help raise awareness about the challenges faced by individuals with bleeding disorders.

• Why male are more affected by hemophilia?

In males, there is only one copy of most genes on the X chromosome, while females have two copies. This makes males more susceptible to X-linked genetic disorders such as hemophilia. Hemophilia is caused by a mutation in either the factor VIII or factor IX gene on the X chromosome. If a male inherits an affected X chromosome with a mutation in either of these genes, he will develop the disease.

• What is unique about hemophilia?

Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder that affects clotting and leads to slow or stop clotting, resulting in prolonged bleeding. This condition arises when there is a deficiency in the normal amount of clotting factors that aid in blood coagulation. Healthcare providers manage hemophilia by replenishing the deficient clotting factors to restore the blood’s ability to clot effectively.

Video: World Hemophilia Day

Types of Allergy: Allergies develop when your immune system reacts to foreign material- such as pollen, bee venom, or pet dander- or a food that most people do not react to. Antibodies are chemicals created by your immune system.
When you have allergies, your immune system develops antibodies that identify a particular allergen as deadly, even if it is not. When you come into contact with an allergen, your immune system’s reaction may cause inflammation of your skin, sinuses, airways, or digestive tract. Read the full article to know more about allergy types.

Allergies Types  by Immunologist/Allergist 

An allergy occurs when your immune system perceives a certain substance as dangerous. It responds by eliciting an allergic reaction. Allergens are chemicals that cause allergic reactions in people.
Allergies come in a variety of forms. Some allergies are seasonal, while others occur throughout the year. Certain allergies might last a lifetime. It is vital to collaborate with your doctor to build an energy management plan. Here are some most common types of allergies given below:

1. Drug allergy

Real medication allergies affect just a small percentage of the population. Most drug reactions are not allergic, but rather a side effects of the medication’s qualities. The patient’s history and symptoms are frequently used to make a diagnosis of the cause of the medication reaction. Skin testing for medication is sometimes performed.

2. Food allergy

Food allergies are caused by your immune system responding to particular foods. Although it is unclear why this occurs, certain foods are more likely to induce an allergic reaction in some persons. One of the most prevalent allergenic foods is Cow’s milk.

3. Insect allergy

The most frequent stinging insects that trigger an allergic reaction include bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, and fire ants. Insects that do not sting can potentially trigger allergic responses. The most frequent are cockroaches and the insect-like dust mite. Allergies to these two insects may be the most common cause of allergy and asthma year-round.

4. Latex allergy

An allergic reaction to natural rubber latex is known as a latex allergy. Natural rubber latex gloves, balloons, condoms, and other natural rubber objects contain latex. A latex allergy can be dangerous to one’s health.

5. Mold allergy

Fungi are mold and mildew. Mold allergies can occur all year since fungi thrive in so many areas, both indoors and outdoors. Coughing, itchy eyes, and other unpleasant symptoms can be caused by mold allergies. Mold allergy medication can help keep allergic reactions under control.

6. Pet allergy

Allergies to furry pets are frequent. It is critical to understand that there is no allergy-free (hypoallergenic) breed of dog or cat. An allergic reaction to proteins contained in an animal’s skin cells, saliva, or urine is known as a pet allergy.

7. Pollen allergy

Pollen is one of the most prevalent seasonal allergy triggers. Many people refer to pollen allergy as “hay fever.” but professionals call it “seasonal allergic rhinitis.”
It happens when allergens, such as pollen, enter your body and your immune system incorrectly recognizes them as a threat. If you have allergic rhinitis, your body reacts to the allergen by releasing chemicals that produce nasal symptoms.

Dr. Sheetu Singh is the best allergist/immunologist in Jaipur. Consult with her to know more about the types of allergy and how can we treat them.

Also, read about Nose Allergies (Hay Fever).

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an uncommon immune system condition that affects your lungs. Bird fancier’s lung, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, farmer’s lung, hot tub lung, and humidifier lung are all names for this disease. HP occurs in some people after they breathe in certain substances in the environment, such as the skin cells shed by animals with fur or mold. These substances activate the immune system and cause short-or long-term lung inflammation. This inflammation prevents the lungs from working properly and can make breathing difficult. 

What is Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Some types of hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be treated by avoiding the trigger or by taking medications, without treatment, HP can result in permanent lung damage. HP is a type of allergy that causes inflammation in your lung’s small air sacs (alveoli). Your symptoms may be acute and disappear quickly, or they may develop over time and become chronic. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an interstitial lung disease. It can eventually cause lung scarring.

Causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis 

HP is caused by inhaling substances(allergens) that provoke an immunological reaction in your lungs. This can harm your lungs and worsen your symptoms over time. Around 300 different causes of HP have been identified, including: 

1. Bacteria.
2. Certain chemicals and metals.
3. Molds and fungi.
4. Animal and plant proteins. 
5. Humidifiers, air conditioners, and ventilation systems.
6. Food contamination or factory products.
7. Bird dropping, feathers, and animal furs.
8. Contaminated fluids from metalwork.
9. Hay or gain for feeding animals.
10. Hardwood dust.
11. Hot tubs.

Symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis 

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis symptoms can be transient or persistent. Acute symptoms appear within a few hours of being exposed to an allergen and might linger for several hours or days. Chronic symptoms might emerge gradually and worsen with time. 

Symptoms of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis 

1. Shortness of breath(dyspnea)
2. Chest tightness.
3. Dry cough.
4. Muscle aches.
5. Fever.
6. Fatigue.
7. chills.

Symptoms of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

• Cough.
• Shortness of breath, particularly after effort or activity.
• Weight loss.
• Fatigue.
• Finger or toe clubbing.

Treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis 

Treatment for HP can help avoid lung scarring and alleviate your symptoms. Avoiding the chemical, bacterium, or other things that caused your ailment is frequently the first step in treatment. you may not always know what is causing it. 

 You may also require one or more of the therapies listed below:

• Medicines: to soothe your immune system or relax the muscles in your airways to make it easier to breathe.
• Pulmonary rehabilitation: to improve your quality of life by learning how to breathe more easily.
• Oxygen therapy: if you have low oxygen levels in your body.
• Lung transplant: if your lungs are severely injured and no other therapeutic options are available to you. 

If HP is not treat properly, it can result in pulmonary hypertension, permanent lung damage, or heart failure. 

How can you manage it at home?

The steps listed below can assist you in managing your condition:

• Get regular medical care.
• Engage in frequent physical activity.
• Obtain routine vaccinations.
• Quit smoking. 

Dr. Sheetu Singh, director OF ILD & pulmonary rehab center and nationally renowned pulmonologist, is an expert in hypersensitivity pneumonitis-related disorders. Consult with her to know more about this disease, and if you feel any kind of symptoms regarding this. 

When you feel an itchy, painful, and irritating feeling in the back of your throat, and troubles you during swallowing, it is most likely a acute sore throat. It is medically referred to as pharyngitis. There are many reasons responsible for this throat problem, the most common being viral infections such as colds or flu. Many bacterial agents can also cause sore causes and require medical attention, along with antibiotics for complete recovery and prevent further complications. 

Acute sore throat: Symptoms, causes and treatment

Major symptoms of sore throat include the following:-

1. Itchy sensation in the throat 
2. Painful swallowing
3. Pain while talking 
4. Hoarse voice 
5. Inflammation in tonsils 
6. Symptoms might be accompanied by other symptoms, which are a result of infections caused by certain infectious agents. 

• Fever 
• Coughing 
• Running nose 
• Sneezing 

The severity of the symptoms depends on the type and cause of the infection. However, acute sore throat if caused by any of the pathogenic agents will show the above-mentioned indications. Difficult swallowing or drooling might also be seen in children which is because of their inability to swallow as it is painful. Adults experience a few more indications of the problem that might include: 

1. Swelling around the neck 
2. High and persistent fever
3. Blood in the mucus
4. Difficulty in opening your mouth

Causes: –

Major possible causes of acute sore throat include viral and bacterial infections. People with weakened immune systems, catch hold of these viral and bacterial diseases more often than others. Recurring infections can cause recurring pharyngitis. Viral diseases that can cause core throat include Influenza, pneumonia, the common cold, COVID-19 infection, measles etc. Streptococcus infections are the major cause of sore throat in the bacterial category. 

Other than bacterial or viral diseases, many factors can cause this problem, some of them are listed below: 

• Allergy

People who are allergic to a certain substance are often triggered by the allergens and begin to experience this problem when the allergic responses begin to occur. Allergens make the throat itchy and cause a feeling of discomfort because of inflammation in the throat. This might last for a few days. 

• Throat muscle strain

This is produced because of loud talking or yelling or continuous talking for long hours such as in the case of teachers. Continuous vocal activity can strain the throat muscles and make the throat sore. 

• Dry air 

 As in the case of longer uses of AC nowadays, the air indoors becomes much dry and can irritate the cells of our throat when inhaled. This causes inflammation or itchiness because the throat is rough. 

• Gastroesophageal reflux

 when the acid from your stomach flows backwards into your oesophagus it is called GERD, this can cause a burning and painful sensation in the throat. 

Treatment: 

The principle of treatment depends upon the identification of the cause of the same. In cases of Gastroesophageal reflux, antacids are recommended. However, for any bacterial infection, antibiotics are suggested to help eliminate the disease and hence its symptoms. In cases of allergies, anti-allergic medication might be of great help. There are certain remedies advised by Dr Sheetu Singh, which can help you ease out the pain and discomfort caused by a sore throat. 

• Drinking warm liquids is the best method to ease the cells of the throat and prevent scratchiness. 
• Avoid yelling or loud talking or prolonged talking to relax your throat muscles and put them at rest for proper and quick healing. 
• Avoid using ACs to control the dryness of your room. Moise air helps our throat to get rid of dryness. Adding a humidifier or vaporizer can be of extra help. 
• Reduce outdoor activity for some time to avoid coming in contact with pollutants or allergens. 

Community acquired Pneumonia or CAP is also pneumonia, but is caused outside the hospital, and is acquired outdoors in the public. So, People who have not been to any healthcare facility recently can acquire pneumonia from other sources outside the hospital premises. Pneumonia is an infection caused in the lungs and affects normal breathing, leading to difficulties in usual respiratory health. This infection inflames the air sacs of our lungs. The lungs are the site of the exchange of gases, intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. The inflamed air sacs find it difficult to perform their routine function. The inflammation is accompanied by the deposition of fluids inside the air sacs of the lungs.  

What Is Community Acquired Pneumonia – Dr Sheetu Singh

Bacterial pathogens are present in the air around us, being microorganisms that can easily thrive in the environment around us. Different bacteria can cause pneumonia in adults, that includes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Influenza viruses, Adenoviruses and Coronaviruses can also induce pneumonia in people. Pneumonia caused by the pathogens can be fatal and serious. These pathogens are released in the air during coughing or sneezing in droplets and can be inhaled by a healthy person. So, the droplets contain the causative organism and can infect the person inhaling it, making the disease contagious. 

Symptoms of CAP: –

Typical symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia include: 

• Fever 
• Coughing
• Chest congestion and pain
• Dyspnea 
• Nausea 
• Diarrhea

Atypical symptoms can vary from person to person and is different in adults and children too. 

Adults experience symptoms such as nails and lips turning blue because of lack of oxygen in the blood, restlessness, sound while breathing, and excessively thick and sticky mucus. 

Diagnosis: –

Fatality is the biggest threat in respiratory diseases, as the lungs are the primary site for controlling breathing patterns. If there is not enough oxygen being supplied to the body, there are chances of failure of the organs and their activities. A pulmonologist can advise, based on the symptoms, whether or not the disease falls in the category. Yet, diagnostic tests are required for a confirmed prognosis. 

The tests include the following methods:

• Chest X-Ray 
• CT scan 
• Blood tests for a primary check-up. 
• Blood pressure and oxygen levels. 
• Blood culture for etiology 
• Sputum sampling for exact pathogenic identification.
• COVID-19 tests 

Who is at risk? 

Certain people are more at risk than others. Some of the conditions are as follows:

1. People with weak immunities are more prone to the disease as their immune systems fail to eliminate the causative organism. 
2. Smokers have a higher chance of getting infections in their lungs. 
3. COPDs also increase the chances. 
4. Problems such as kidney failure. 

Treatment: 

Experts, after a confirmed diagnosis of the disease, can advise a person to be put on antibiotics. These anti-bacterial agents can help to eliminate the pathogen if at all it is caused by a bacterium. The type of antibiotic depends upon the cause of the disease. Then, medication is accompanied by certain therapies or even surgery if needed. If the lungs are severely damaged because of the infection, surgeries might be a help. 

Oral medication takes a long time to completely cure the disease, but the effects can be seen within a few days after the start of the medication. 

People with a high risk of fatality are also put on a ventilator for extra support. 

Precautions: 

There are certain precautionary measures which are suggested by Dr Sheetu Singh, that we need to follow, especially if we are infected. 

• Avoid crowded places to avoid catching the microbes causing the infections and the ones suffering from it might not spread it to others. 
• Do not avoid medication to eliminate the infection from our lungs. 
• Wear masks to prevent it from spreading. 
• Take warm liquids to keep our throat healed and moist. 
• Complete the course of antibiotics. 
• Take a balanced diet to improve your immunity. 

Cancer is any abnormal growth of cellular mass due to the deposition of damaged cells dividing uncontrollably. It can be can spread from one part of the body to the other part. Cell division is a normal process of our body to replace damaged or worn-out cells, new cells replace the old cells during normal cell division, as every cell of our body has a life span of its own. Lung cancer process of cell division is highly regulated by different proteins and cell signalling mechanisms. If such a well-regulated mechanism fails to control normal cell cycle, and division, lumps of a cell are formed at different sites where the cell division disturbances occur. 

Lung Cancer: Causes and Stages 

In humans, lung cancer develops in the lungs. A lung cancer occurs when abnormal divisions of cells take place in the lungs. It can either occur in the bronchi or the alveoli. As obvious from the name itself, the lungs are the organs that control breathing, if the alveoli or bronchi are affected by the tumour formation, there will be difficulty in breathing along with other symptoms, that might or might not resemble other lung disorders. 

Causes:-

According to Dr Sheetu Singh, Lung cancer formation occurs when the division rate is more than the required rate of cell division by the body. Normal cells have programmed cell death, and prevent unnecessary cell division, but cancerous cells fail to “switch off.” The cell division can be irregular and continuous. The lump of cells can become a tumour if there is an accumulation of cells in large numbers. This uncontrolled cell division can be unpredictable but many factors can be associated with this irregular growth of cells, which might include inhalation of harmful substances such as asbestos, arsenic or nickel etc., which can cause mutation in the normal cells. 

The major cause of cancer in the lungs is smoking. Passive smoking and active smoking both cause the formation of an irregular mass of cells that is not control by the body’s natural mechanism to eliminate abnormal cells. This tissue can then develop into a tumour. Tumours can either be restricted to their site or origin or can spread through body fluids to other parts of the body as well. 

Types:-

It is generally possible to categorize lung cancers into two broad categories:

– Small cell lung cancer- This type of lung cancer occurs in about 15-20% of total people, that too in heavy smokers. It is a less common form of lung cancer but is more aggressive than NSCLC. Because of its aggressive nature, cancer may be more difficult to cure or less responsive to treatments. 

– Non-small cell lung cancer- NSCLC makes up a total of 80-85% of total lung cancer cases and is the most common type of lung cancer. This type of cancer includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. NSCLC responds to the therapies used as a part of cancer treatment. 

Stages:-

Like any other cancer, lung cancer also develops and spreads in stages, if remains undiagnosed and untreated. The progression of stages of lung cancer includes stages from zero to four. 

• Initially, stage 0 occurs in the bronchi.
• Stage I is inside the lung and the tumour has not outgrown the lungs. 
• Stage II cancer is larger than stage I and has started spreading out to the lymph nodes which are inside the lungs. 
• Stages III and IV are advancements in the tumours, as stage III includes tumour growth even to the lymph nodes outside the lungs and stage IV includes cancer formation in the other lung too. 

Such progression of cancer decides the severity of cancer and hence the life of a person. Early diagnosis can lead to successful treatment with both therapy and medicine. In cases of fast tumour growth, it crosses the stage beyond which the treatment becomes impossible.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is a broad term for diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Just like any other respiratory disease, these diseases also cause difficulty in breathing thus affecting our routine lives. If conditions remain undiagnosed and untreated, they can lead to permanent and irreversible lung damage.  COPD is a progressive condition of the respiratory tract showing mild symptoms initially that intensify with time. The correct diagnosis followed by the required precise treatment can slow down and eventually cure it. 

What Is COPD – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment – Dr. Sheetu Singh

Although many of the symptoms resemble, there is a difference between COPD and Asthma. COPD is a chronic condition that is mostly caused by smoking. Asthma, however, is also a chronic disease but is triggered by a variety of allergens. It is certainly possible, a person might have both conditions and hence would require treatment for both. 

Causes of COPD: 

The major cause of COPD is smoking tobacco which accounts for 90% of the diagnosed cases but there are other possible causes too. 

• Air pollutants that can damage our airways. 
• Passive smoking i.e., inhaling the smoke released by the smoker. 
• Absence of alpha-1 antitrypsin which is an enzyme that protects our lungs from the effects of inflammation. Lack of this enzyme can lead to emphysema. This makes it a genetic disorder too but is uncommon. 
• Pollutants present at the workplace that include smoke, dust, fumes, etc. 

Symptoms: 

Symptoms of COPD are not noticeable unless there is remarkable lung damage affecting our breathing patterns and routine lives. The condition progressively worsens if remains unnoticed for a longer period. 

• The symptoms include any of the following: 
• Difficulty in breathing, especially during any physical activity
• Wheezing sound (such as observed in asthma) 
• Chest congestion 
• Fatigue
• Production of mucus increases
• In severe cases, the color of mucus changes with time, also there is a specific odor produced
• Presence of blood in sputum
• Loss of weight in later stages
• Increased and frequent respiratory infections
• Fever 
• Headaches 

Symptoms can worsen if a person continues to smoke or is exposed to smoke regularly. 

If you observe any of the above-mentioned symptoms, especially if they are regular or there is the presence of blood in the sputum, you must immediately consult your health expert. A pulmonologist can help you diagnose the exact condition and prescribe the medication needed for immediate relief as well as a prolonged cure. Dr. Sheetu Singh is a known pulmonologist who has hands-on experience in curing such long-lasting ailments. Book an appointment if you observe any of such symptoms, or your lips and nails turning blue lately for expert advice. 

Treatment: 

Treatment for COPD can be a blend of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. If the condition is severe, surgeries can be recommended, especially in cases of severe lung damage.  

Medication includes the use of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Bronchodilators are taken usually by an inhaler or a nebulizer and help to reduce the tightness of the muscle present around our airways. Corticosteroids can help to lower the production of mucus and can reduce inflammation. 

A person who has developed this condition is also advised to make changes in their lifestyle that includes: –

• Balanced diet to provide nutrition to the body
• Regular physical activity
• Avoid smoking, both active and passive. 
• Taking regular medication as prescribed. 

Pathogens are those little organisms that can not be seen by the naked eye. These micro-organisms find their way into the human body, establishing themselves, resulting in one or the other disease. These organisms multiply inside the human body, derive nutrition from it, take shelter and in return cause pathogenicity. Although not all bacteria are pathogenic, some are useful too. They prevent other bacteria or organisms from settling inside the same body. Let’s find what is the difference between bacterial and viral infections.

Difference between Bacterial and Viral Infections?

Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms, that can survive with or without the host. Mostly, they aren’t harmful, in fact inside our bodies, they are regulating vicious functions too. The disease-causing bacteria however, when colonising inside the host organism, multiply rapidly inside and make enormous copies of themselves which causes the release of various types of toxins in greater amounts leading to cell death, hence the appearance of symptoms caused by those bacteria.

How are bacteria different from viruses? 

Viruses are comparatively much smaller in size and they can only multiply inside the host, unlike bacteria which can also reproduce outside the host organism. Also, they aren’t cells, they are just genetic material coated inside the protein layer. They enter the healthy cells, produce copies of their genetic material and kill the cells finally to infect neighbouring cells too.

How are bacterial infections different from viral infections?

Although, it is difficult to differentiate between a viral and a bacterial disease without pathological help as the mode of transmission and infection are quite similar, symptomatically, your health expert can conclude whether it is a bacterial or a viral infection. Dr.Sheetu Singh guides that medication usually starts after the confirmation of the disease.

• Bacterial infection:-

These infections occur when the pathogenic bacteria gain entry into a human body and multiply producing copies of themselves in large numbers that our immune system fails to work against them. This leads to the establishment of bacteria hence the disease.

After colonising the cells of the host, the toxins produced by the bacteria start showing their effect on the target organ. The rate of reproduction of bacteria is quite high, sadly, our immune system can not take such huge numbers.

The incubation period of the bacteria inside the body of the host varies and the appearance of symptoms, therefore, differs with the disease.

Key symptoms that indicate the bacterial infection include:-

1. Long-lasting symptoms.
2. Increase in fever as the disease progresses.
3. High fever starts interfering with normal body functions.

Examples of bacterial diseases include Skin infections, STDs such as Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, Syphilis, and respiratory infections such as Pneumonia, TB etc.

• Viral infection: 

Viral infections occur when disease-causing viruses enter the human body and produce large copies, masking themselves inside the human cells and devastating their immune systems. The viral genetic material takes over the host machinery and uses its enzymes to produce its copies which means it requires the host for a hostile environment to reproduce following which it spreads throughout and produces disease.

Key symptoms of viral infections include:

1. Immediate symptoms within a few days.
2. Fever occurs but is not as dangerous as bacterial infections.

Examples of viral diseases include skin infections like poxes, respiratory infections such as influenza, the common cold, Corona, and STDs like HIV & Herpes etc.

Impact of air pollution is a global public health concern leading to significant morbidity and mortality. It is the ninth leading cause of death across the world. Air pollution contributes to cardiac and respiratory diseases, amongst the diseases of chest asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and respiratory tract infections such as tuberculosis and lung cancer.

What are the Sources of Air Pollution?

The major contributors to outdoor pollution are vehicular exhaust, industrial air pollution, burning of fossil fuels, and crop burning. Air pollutants are carried across huge distances by wind, sand storms, and changes in atmospheric pressures. On the other hand, indoor air pollution is seen particularly in rural areas where firewood, coal, and biomass are burnt for cooking, and other purposes.

How do we measure air pollution?

Air pollutants are made up of a mixture of manmade and natural pollutants. The “criterion” pollutants are primary pollutants which include particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. The chief source of PM particles is traffic pollution or vehicular exhaust. They are divide into coarse particles 2.5-10 microns (PM10), fine particles less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), and ultra-fine particles less than 0.1 microns (UF). Ozone is a gas that mixes with organic compounds, and oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon to create the dangerous ozone smog, particularly in the winter.

What are the chest or lung diseases caused due to air pollution?

Air pollution leads to irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. A dry hacking cough is often the only manifestation. The most vulnerable groups include pregnant females, children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic heart, lung, and kidney disease. Traffic-associated air pollution (TRAP) is related to the development of asthma in children. One unit increase in PM10 is associate with increase acute exacerbations and deaths due to COPD. The expose individuals are predispose to exacerbation of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and interstitial lung disease. Impact of air pollution is associate with more emergency visits, greater hospitalization rates, and higher death rates.

How can we reduce air pollution?

The need of the hour is to use renewable sources of energy such as solar energy, and wind energy. Electronic vehicles are necessary to bring down air pollution and greenhouse effects. Try to reduce the use of vehicles, walk rather than use cars.

How to protect yourself from the ill harms of pollution?

Lung development starts in the womb and continues upto 6years, thus exposure to pollutants may impact the lung is most marked during this period. During the days with high air quality index, it is preferable for predisposed individuals such as children, the elderly, pregnant females, and patients with chronic disease to stay inside and avoid strenuous activities outdoors. By consulting Dr.Sheetu Singh, the patients should take their optimal treatment for their diseases and maintain regular follow up with their physicians. It is important to use protective masks during outdoor activities. However, masks do not provide full protection.

Do air purifiers with HEPA filters purify the air and reduce the risk of disease?

Purifiers may be use for small enclose spaces such as a room. Recommend HEPA-filtered ones. However, they have a limited role in outdoor spaces. Air pollution remains a matter of concern. We need to act fast otherwise we will have to face the consequences.

Coughing is a common disease all year round, but respiratory diseases increase during winter. The virus does not change with the season nor does the seasonal variation make it more contagious. But, the survival of the virus increases with the drop in temperature, i.e., the virus remains in the environment for a longer time. Also, winters are the season of extreme dryness. This dryness affects our respiratory passage too making the hold of the virus in the tract thus making us ill and cause winter cough. Coughing is a response of our immune system to expel something out of the respiratory tract which is any alien antigen or pathogen or allergen and has gained entry inside from the nasal passage.

Winter Cough Cause

Dr.Sheetu Singh suggest that, our nasal passage has different barriers such as hair, and mucus which prevent the entry of substances to protect our lungs from the pathogens present in the outside environment. Other than viral infection, coughing can also be cause by cold air and fluctuations in temperature. Thus, colder months experience more cases of cough than usual. Infections like these cause congestion in the respiratory passage due to the accumulation of mucus or phlegm. Cold and dry air irritates our throat and produces responses such as coughing. Coughing is a mechanism to reverse this feeling of an irritated throat.

Winter Cough Treatment: 

Winter cough can be wet or dry depending upon the production of mucus. A productive or wet cough produces more amount of mucus. Medications depend upon the type of cough. Decongestants and cough suppressants are advise to get rid of coughing. If these medicines fail to work, other possible causes could contribute to chronic coughing hence medications specific to the problems are prescrib. Visit the best chest specialist for further assistance and apt medication.

Winter Cough Remedies: 

Several home remedies are proven effective for controlling cough and irritated throat. Given below are a few of them.

• Warm liquids such as soup, and tea help to keep us hydrate and provide relief to our irritate throats that are inflame or scratch because of coughing.
• Honey has anti-inflammatory properties hence is recommended for cough and cold.
• Gargles with salt water soothes your throat and promote the healing of tissues.
• Other herbs that have inflammatory properties such as turmeric, garlic, ginger, thyme etc are advised for proper healing of the inflamed cells and tissues of the throat and tract.
• Drinking plenty of fluids keeps our body hydrated and keeps our throat moist which prevents coughing.
• Inhaling moist air i.e., steam from the hot water helps to moisturize dry and inflamed tissues of the throat.

You don’t have to take winter cough lightly. During winter, if you suffer from cough for more than 1 or 2 weeks, consult a lungs expert in Jaipur immediately. Extreme cough can be caused pnemonia. And whoever is an asthma patient should take extra care of himself in winters. Asthma patients face more problems due to dryness. Read this article also if you have asthma symptoms – Asthma Treatment

ARDS is a condition generated due to a lack of oxygen in the lungs. This deficiency occurs due to the build-up of fluid in the tiny sacs present inside the lungs which are called alveoli. This reduces the supply of blood in the organs using which they function properly.  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome occurs in people with already existing critical illnesses or having any significant injuries. Many patients suffering from this condition do not survive. However, it is not always the case. The damage in the surviving ones can be long-lasting but it is not always fatal. 

lungs into the alveoli i.e., the site of oxygen enrichment, explains Dr. Sheetu Singh Usually, a membrane keeps this vessel covered to keep the fluid in its place but due to some injury or illness it starts leaking out and cause such condition of excessive deposition of fluid that blocks the alveolar site of exchange. 

The underlying causes of this disease are:-

Pneumonia: –

 The pathogenic infection of the lungs causes inflammation in either or both lungs. It causes infection and inflammation in the alveoli of the lungs which eventually get filled with fluid or pus causing difficulty in breathing. 

• COVID- 19  :- This recent catastrophic disease has caused massive damage to the lungs of people across the globe. When the infection or post – COVID-19 effects reaches up to the lungs fluid-filled sacs cause difficulty in breathing. 
• Inhalation of dangerous chemicals or substances :- Smoke or chemical in the environment can result in ARDS. Also, aspiration of liquids or vomit, or saliva can cause infection in the lungs causing such a condition. 
• Sepsis  :- The most common cause of ARDS is this widespread and serious infection in the bloodstream.

Symptoms: –

Symptoms are this disease vary hugely depending upon the severity and intensity. Also, they can be synonymous with symptoms of other lung disorders. These include: 

• Shortness of breath
• Forceful or labored breathing 
• Decrease in blood pressure
• Fatigue. 

Complications:-

Several complications can arise from this condition even while suffering from it. Many patients experience blood clots while being on a ventilator, especially in the deep veins of the legs, and this gives rise to a condition called pulmonary embolism. Also, a condition called pneumothorax may arise. The most common complication of ARDS, i.e., scarring of lung tissues can occur within a few days of the onset of the disease.

Diagnosis and Treatment: –

There are no specific diagnostic techniques for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Physical examinations, imaging, and oxygen levels in the lungs help to rule out the disease. Dr Sheetu Singh provides the best treatment that follows the diagnosis, failing which the condition of the lungs speedily deteriorates. Treatment methods can be a blend of medications, supply of oxygen, and supply of fluids, depending upon the severity of the disease. 

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) also referred to as Lung Function Tests, are the tests that measure breathing patterns and identify the functioning of the lungs. These help in determining the amount of air going in and out of the lungs, and finding out if your lungs work efficiently during physical exercises as well. PFTs are non-invasive diagnostic tests to identify different aspects related to lung functioning such as lung volume and capacities, gaseous exchange, and rate of flow of air. 

Dr. Sheetu Singh explains why is there a need of performing PFTs in certain cases, it is because the functioning of the lungs is significantly related to our life. The regulation of air and hence oxygen in our blood is what keeps our life on the go. Different types of pulmonary function tests rule out different conditions, some find out the amount of oxygen absorbed and mixed into the blood, and others find out the effect of exercise on the lungs. The most common test is Spirometry which checks the amount of air inhaled and exhaled. 

Dr. Sheetu Singh is a renowned lung expert and a leading pulmonologist with a great passion for helping people with pulmonological issues. It creates a lot of discomfort in our daily life and hence requires immediate attention. Her enthusiasm for helping patients with chest ailments, helps her reduce suffering and minimalize discomfort. 

Purpose:-

Mostly Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) are advise in cases of chronic conditions such as Asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. Sarcoidosis, allergies, breathing difficulties, or scarring of lung tissues are other possibilities for which these are to be perform. 

Types of lung function tests

1. Spirometry
2. Gas diffusion study
3. Lung volumes or body plethysmography
4. Cardiopulmonary exercise test

Procedure: 

The classical and major method for measuring breathing i.e., inhalation and exhalation Spirometry. In this method, a mouthpiece is connect to which a person breathes. The number of inhalations and exhalations can be counted over some time. Numbers vary when a person is standing, so usually, it is calculated while a person is sitting. This method can evaluate a lot of lung diseases depending on how slow or fast a person is breathing. 

Other ways to calculate lung volume include: –

1. Plethysmography: it is an accurate way to determine the lung volume when a person is asked to sit in an air-tight box that resembles a phone booth. You are asked to breathe in and out through a mouthpiece and changes in air pressure inside the box allow lung volume to be determined and calculated. 
2. Another method is by giving harmless tracer ger, usually, for one breath, the difference in the amount of air inhaled and exhaled indicates how effectively gas can travel into the blood from the lungs. 

Risks: 

Because of their non-invasive nature, PFTs have minimal risks and is mostly safe, given a person follows the instruction properly. Rare risks of the procedure include: 

•  Shortness of breath. 
•  Coughing.
•  Asthma attack due to deep inhalations. 
•  Dizziness. 

Dr. Sheetu Singh suggests people with recent histories of chest or heart surgeries must avoid PFTs. Also, people with conditions like an aneurysm must avoid getting these done. Whenever you experience chest pain or problems, a PFT is required to determine which lung disease you have. If you have lung disease, you should immediately see your doctor or Dr Sheetu Singh for the best lung disease treatment.

It is a genetic disorder which is inherited from parents to their offspring. This occurs due to gene defect thus causing changes in the protein produced by it. That protein control movement of salt in and out of the cell. A child must inherit one copy of the defective gene from each to have this disease. Cystic fibrosis can cause dire results in the individuals carrying the responsible gene. CF affects secretions of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. Usually, fluids from the organs are thin and watery, but in patients with possible gene defects, the secretions are thick and sticky. The sticky nature of the fluids clogs the passage of the secretions.

Dr. Sheetu Singh is a leading pulmonologist with great enthusiasm and passion for helping people with respiratory ailments. She explains, in the respiratory tract, if thick mucus gets accumulate, it blocks the airways causing interrupt passage for the exchange of gases. This makes it difficult to breathe for a person. Mucus tends to trap antigens and pathogens. Trap pathogens are remove along with mucus or are destroy. However, in this case, since mucus remains clogged, infection pertains within. Such conditions can give rise to severe lung damage and respiratory troubles. 

Symptoms:-

According to Dr. Sheetu Singh, symptoms of CF include the following

• Thick mucus and persistent cough. 
• Recurring lung infections. 
• Sounds while breathing. 
• Repeated sinusitis
• Then, stuffed nose with thick mucus. 

Complications in respiratory systems include various conditions such as bronchiectasis, formation of polyps in the nasal cavity, respiratory failures etc. 

In case of digestive difficulties from the disease symptoms can be: 

• In newborns, blockage in the intestine is commonly observe. 
• Foul-smelling stools, greasy. 
• Long-term complaint of constipation.

Treatment:-

There is no cure for this disease but can be prevent. Preventive measures can help improve the quality of life and help lead a better life. Some preventive measures include: –

• Providing nutrition and building immunity to prevent infections. 
• Controlling infections occurring in the lungs. 
• Removal of mucus from the respiratory tract to clear the airways for the transport of gases. 
• Medication specifically targeting gene mutation can be use. 
• Lung infections are prevent using antibiotics. 
• Bronchodilators can be used that help in keeping the bronchial relaxed open to keep open the airways. 
• Drugs to remove the thickness of mucus such as hypertonic saline help to cough out the mucus. 
• Then, anti-inflammatory medicines are used to reduce inflammation in the lungs. 

A person with cystic fibrosis can usually go to school and work, despite the disease being progressive and requiring daily care. Their quality of life is often better than that of previous generations of people with CF. People with CF are now living into their mid-30s and 40s, and some are even living into their 50s due to improvements in screening and treatment. Other techniques used are vest therapy, and nasal and sinus surgeries are recommended. Consult a specialist for proper diagnosis and followed treatment. 

Your doctor has prescribed medication for you to use a nebulizer to inhale because you have asthma, COPD, or another lung condition. A nebulizer is a tiny device that creates a mist from liquid medication. Through a mouthpiece that is connected to the machine, you sit and breathe in. Breathing slowly and deeply for 10 to 15 minutes allows the medication to enter your lungs. This makes inhaling the medication into your lungs fairly simple. You may not need a nebulizer if you have asthma. Inhalers are usually just as effective as pills. However, nebulizers can deliver medicine more efficiently than an inhaler. Your doctor and you can determine if a nebulize is the most effective way to get the medicine you need. It depends on what type of medicine you take and whether you find nebulizers easier to use.

You might not need to use a nebulizer if you have asthma. An inhaler can be used instead and is typically just as effective. However, a nebulizer is more efficient than an inhaler at administering medication. If a nebulizer is the most effective way for you to take your medication, you and your doctor can decide together. Your preference for a nebulizer and the type of medication you take may influence the device you use. The majority of nebulizers are compact and portable. The majority of nebulizers also use air compressors to operate. An ultrasonic nebulizer is a different type that works with sound vibrations. Although more expensive, this type of nebulizer is quieter.

Good nebulization practice:

Nebulization is a popular alternative method for administering medication to the lungs. Other methods include inhalers, oral therapy using tablets, and intravenous therapy. It is primarily used in clinical settings for the long-term treatment of obstructive airway diseases like cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and acute respiratory ailments.

A nebulizer transforms liquid medication—whether a solution or suspension—into vapor, aerosol or a mist so that the patient can inhale it and receive an effective direct lung delivery. The main goal of nebulization is to make it so that the medication can easily and quickly reach the lungs without the patient having to exert much coordination, which is a problem with handheld devices. As a result, it is the preferred method of medication delivery for those who cannot use handheld inhalers effectively, such as children, the elderly, and patients. Nebulization therapy faces opposition despite being widely accepted and used. So, Lack of knowledge and inaccurate information about the use of nebulizers are frequently to blame for this. Cipla has launched a public initiative known as Good Nebulization Practice, or, simply, GNP, to promote knowledge and the proper use of nebulization therapy. After each use, take care to clean the nebulizer equipment.

Please clean the nebulizer apparatus according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Among some suggested rules are the following:-

• Disassemble the nebulizer. Wash every component in water and liquid dish soap (apart from the tubing and finger valve). Use water to rinse.
• Shake off any extra water with a nebulizer after cleaning it.
• To quickly dry the nebulizer, reattach the nebulizer’s components and tubing to the air compressor. Then, turn on the compressor. Before storing the nebulizer, make sure it is completely dry.

Conclusion

One of the most well-known pulmonologists in India is Dr. Sheetu Singh. She is a well-known specialist who provides the best and most trustworthy care. She provides each patient with top-notch care and attention. Dr Sheetu is recognize as one of the best pulmonologists in India. She has carried out several lung procedures successfully. If you need professional assistance, you can contact Dr. Sheetu Singh, a pulmonology specialist, for it.

It’s usually not a big deal if you have a sore throat or cough.  Most of the time, they disappear on their own. In some cases, however, they can be symptoms of a more serious disease, such as throat cancer. In general, it’s refers to any form of cancer that develops in the throat or voice box. The general term for cancer that affects one or more areas of your throat is “throat cancer.” Typically, those who have larynx cancer also have laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer (the middle part of their throat.) Surgery is frequently used by medical professionals to treatcancer.

What is Cancer of the Throat?

The common term for cancer that affects one or more areas of your throat is “cancer.” Typically, those who have larynx cancer also have laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer (the middle part of their throat.) Surgery is frequently used by medical professionals to treat cancer. The kind, location, and extent of thecancer all influence the particular procedure.

So, cancer of the throat can take many different forms.Laryngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer are the two most typical kinds of larynx cancer. Your larynx is affected by laryngeal cancer(voice box). The center section of your throat is affect by oropharyngeal carcinoma. Oropharyngeal cancer diagnoses were projected to affect 54,000 individuals in 2022, whereas laryngeal cancer diagnoses were projected to affect 12,000 people. (Breast cancer diagnoses were anticipate to affect roughly 290,560 men and women.) Here is further information about these two prevalent kinds of larynx cancer:

1. Laryngeal Cancer –  Laryngeal canceris a form of cancer in the voice box. It’s often called laryngeal cancer because it starts in the larynx, or voice box More males than women are affected by this malignancy. So, those over 55 are affect. Your larynx has several potential sites for the onset of laryngeal cancer. The overall survival rate for those withlaryngeal cancer five years following diagnosis is between 46% and 72%.
2. Oropharyngeal Cancer – The area of your throat just behind your mouth is affect by oropharyngeal carcinoma. Males are twice as likely as females to acquireoropharyngeal cancer. Usually, those 63 and older are affect. Five years after diagnosis, around 50% of oropharyngeal cancer patients are still living.

What Signs of Throat Cancer are There?

Multiple cancer kinds that can impact various aspects of your throat are referred to as Throat Cancer:

• more than two weeks of persistent sore throat
• Having pain or having trouble swallowing (dysphagia).
• alterations to your voice that continue longer than two weeks, such as hoarseness.
• your mouth or throat feeling lumpy.
• lumps in your neck, especially at the back.
• more than two weeks’ worth of ear discomfort.

What Causes Throat Cancer most often?

When anything causes alterations in the genetic make-up of cells in your throat, cancer results. Healthy throat cells are transform into malignant, proliferating cells by this alteration. What causes this transformation is being research by researchers. However, researchers have connected some behaviors and health issues to cancer that raise your risk of getting the disease:

• You currently smoke tobacco or use tobacco products (including snuff and chewing tobacco), or you previously smoked tobacco or used tobacco products. The biggest risk factor for head and neck cancer, including larynx cancer, is tobacco use.

• You consume more alcohol than is typical. Laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer are associate with heavy and regular alcohol use, according to research.

• You have the human papillomavirus, a particular form of sexually transmitted illness (HPV)

Conclusion

Dr. Sheetu Singh is one of the most well-known pulmonologists in India. She offers the best and most dependable care as a specialist. Her patients receive excellent care and attention from her. She has a well-established reputation as one of India’s top pulmonologists. She has successfully performed several lung procedures. If you are looking for the expert help you can get assistance from Dr. Sheetu Singh, a pulmonology expert, if you require it.

The sinuses are inflamed when they suffer from sinusitis. In the head, there are four pairs of cavities (spaces). There are narrow channels connecting them. Nasal channels drain thin mucus from the sinuses. By draining the nose, bacteria can be kept at bay. When the sinuses become blocked, fluid can fill them instead of air. As a result, bacteria can grow and cause an infection (bacterial sinusitis). If the nasal tissue is inflamed, it is almost always swollen. The illness is also refer to as rhinosinusitis. Many organs are involve in sinus infection, which is a complicate condition. The sinuses in your head can become infected with a sinus infection. ENT specialists can identify sinus-related complications and suggest the best treatment option if you have any sinus-related complications. Anyone can get a sinus infection. Sinusitis is more likely to occur in people with nasal allergies, nasal polyps, asthma, and abnormal nose structures. Sinus infections can also be caused by smoking.

A cold, allergies, and sinus infection can be difficult to differentiate. Colds typically develop, peak, and then fade away slowly. It lasts between a few days and a week. There is a possibility of developing a sinus infection from a cold. In the end, it depends on the symptoms. It is called acute sinusitis when sinusitis lasts less than four weeks. Colds are most commonly the cause of these cases. Some people develop a bacterial infection after experiencing symptoms for a week to ten days. Sinusitis Chronic: Chronic sinusitis, also known as chronic rhinosinusitis, is characterized by persistent symptoms despite medical treatment. Sinusitis is more likely to occur in people who suffer from allergic rhinitis or asthma. Asthma and allergic rhinitis cause inflammation of the airways. A nasal polyp, a deviated nasal septum, an infection, fungus, or a deficiency in the immune system can also result in sinusitis.

What is the Causes of Sinus Infection?

Several causes of sinusitis include viruses, bacteria, or fungi that swell and block the sinuses. There are several specific causes, including:

• A common cold.
• Allergies to mold, including nasal and seasonal allergies.
• A polyp (growth).
• Septum deviated from its normal position. Septums are cartilage lines that divide your nose. Deviated septa do not lie straight, so they are closer to the nasal passage on one side, causing blockages.
• Illness or medication weakens the immune system.

Using pacifiers or drinking bottles while lying down and spending time in daycares could increase the risk of

 sinusitis in infants and young children. Sinus infections are more likely to occur in adults who smoke. Stop smoking if you smoke. Your health and those around you are at risk when you smoke.

Types of Sinus Infection

1. Acute sinusitis
2. Chronic sinusitis
3. Recurrent acute sinusitis
4. Subacute sinusitis

Symptoms and Signs of Sinus Infection:

The following symptoms characterize sinusitis:

• Mucus drips down the throat after nasal drip.
• A stuffy nose or nasal discharge (a thick yellow or green discharge from the nose)
• There may be facial pressure (especially around the nose, eyes, and forehead), headaches, or tooth or ear pain.
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Coughing.
• Tiredness.
• Fever.

Conclusion

This article discussed the types, causes, and symptoms of sinus infections. Among the most renowned pulmonologists in India is Dr. Sheetu Singh. As an expert in Jaipur and Rajasthan, she provides the best and most reliable treatment. Every patient she treats receives a high level of care and treatment. Her reputation as one of thebest pulmonologists in India is well known. Various lung surgeries have been performe successfully by her. Dr. Sheetu Singh is a pulmonology specialist in Jaipur who can help you if you need one. 

Manage Respiratory Allergies in Monsoon :- Respiratory Allergies in Monsoon are the allergies caused by the atmospheric particles inhaled by the person. It harms the immune system of a person. The primary allergic particles in the air are animal hair, dust, pollen, mold, etc. A Respiratory Allergies creates a negative impact on the respiratory system of a person. The Respiratory Allergies can be of two types – Allergic Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. However, allergic asthma is also known as hay fever, which causes watery eyes, nasal symptoms, etc., and Allergic rhinitis causes airway constriction. Monsoon season has a worsened effect on people having respiratory allergies. It has less sunlight which leads to the deficiency of Vitamin D in the air, which creates a contributing factor to asthma attacks. In this blog, we have discussed a road map of these allergies and their treatment. 

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 400 people suffer from different types of allergies around the globe. Allergies affect all age groups throughout the world. Notably, allergies have been seen in 10 to 30% of the adult age groups. Further, a rapid increase has been seen in children and young adults. Monsoon tends to give rise to the humidity in the air. The moisture, as a result, gives rise to dust mites, mold growth, etc. 

The Reasons For The Respiratory Allergies in Monsoon.

The essential thing to do is to avoid allergic triggers for a person. Most of the time is spent inside by the people during the monsoon. It is at this moment that we have to stay cautious and bring changes to our surroundings. The exposure to dust mites, dust, etc., can be reduce when the carpets, curtains, duvets, etc., are kept clean on the house premises. So, the carpets, curtains, etc., must be frequently wash with warm water and kept in the sun for sunlight exposure. Proper ventilation must be there in the rooms so that the people will experience fresh air. The walls and surfaces must be kept clean and dry for clean surroundings with fewer dust particles. Pets must be groome accordingly to maintain hygienic levels in the surroundings. Air conditioners, cleaners, fans, etc., must be kept clean so that dust won’t be pile up in a room.

How Do You Manage Respiratory Allergies?

1. Check out the Air Quality Index.
2. Away from allergens.
3. Use an air conditioner wisely.
4. Stay warm and dry.
5. Increase taking vitamin C.
6. Drink clean water.
7. Avoid junk food.
8. Eat healthy food.

Respiratory allergies are heightened in the monsoon season. The prevention of such allergies is an appreciating step for a person. In case these allergies are caused and are worsened by the monsoon, visit a doctor for better results. Dr Sheetu Singh is one of the most recommended doctors by citizens when it comes to the best treatment. Dr Sheetu Singh is an expert in Jaipur and Rajasthan and has remarkable experience in the field. In case of any query, kindly contact:

Phone – 8696666380. 

Address – Rajasthan Hospital, Kailash Puri Colony, Milap Nagar, Jaipur.

Best Pulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic in Jaipur: Medical specialties that focus on the lungs are called pulmonology. Lungs, trachea, bronchioles, associated blood vessels, and all the other components of breathing and respiration constitute the respiratory system, also sometimes called the respiratory system. A pulmonologist provides medical care for patients with lung disorders, including:-

• This condition affects the tissue and space within the lungs, causing the space to narrow
• The practice of interventional pulmonology treats airway disorders, lung cancers, and pleural diseases (diseases of the pleura, which surrounds your lungs) with multidisciplinary care.
• Preoperative and postoperative management of lung transplantation
• Those disorders resulting in respiratory muscle weakness are known as neuromuscular disorders
• Having narrowed or block airways are call obstructive lung disease

As part of the field of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, doctors are specialized in treating a wide range of diseases, such as:-

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Insufficiency of air
• Chronic or severe bronchitis
• Infections of the chest

Who are pulmonologists?

In pulmonology, conditions affecting the respiratory system are diagnose and treat.

Asthma and tuberculosis are among the illnesses treat by pulmonologists. Among their specialties are:-

• Virus-like.
• Structural aspects.
• Intolerable.
• The term neoplastic refers to a tumor.
• Immune system.

They sometimes specialize in cardiovascular systems. The respiratory system can be affect by certain conditions, such as pulmonary vascular disease, but other body systems can also be affect. There is a choice of whether pulmonologists practice independently or in interdisciplinary teams. Intensive care units, in particular, can also use these professionals.

Rehabilitation for pulmonary disease: what is it?

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) aims to help people with chronic breathing problems better understand their breathing, learn how to cope with the condition, and improve their strength, endurance, and stamina. An exercise program supervised by a professional is include in PR, along with educational classes. In addition to reducing shortness of breath (breathlessness), PR will help you feel more energetic and make you more able to exercise.

Jaipur’s Best Pulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic?

Patients suffering from respiratory diseases receive the best treatment at the Asthma Bhawan, including physicians and surgeons. A patient with lung disorders can benefit from the treatment offered by Dr Sheetu Singh. In Rajasthan Asthma Bhawan, she is considered the best pulmonologist. All the propelled machinery needed to treat patients is available in the consultation rooms and wards. During hospitalization, nurses and technicians provide patient care.

Conclusion

The purpose of this blog is to provide information about Pulmonology, Pulmonologists, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, and Best Pulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic in Jaipur. As one of the most renowned pulmonologists in India, Dr. Sheetu Singh provides the best and most reliable lung treatment, is an expert in Jaipur and Rajasthan, and delivers extraordinary treatment and care to all patients. In India, she is regard as one of the best pulmonologists and has performed various surgeries on the lungs successfully. In case you need pulmonology specialists in Jaipur, all you have to do is contact Dr. Sheetu Singh.

Nose Allergy or Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) Sneezing, congestion, an itchy nose, and a sore throat are common symptoms of allergic rhinitis, also called hay fever. Hay fever symptoms can be cause by pollen, pet dander, mold, and insects. A lifestyle change, allergy medication, or immunotherapy (allergy shots) can reduce hay fever symptoms.

• ACCESS & APPOINTMENTS
• GET IN TOUCH
• Causes and symptoms
•  Tests and Diagnosis
•  Treatment and management
•  Preventative measures
•  Prognosis / Outlook
•  Managing

As a result of allergens in the air, allergic rhinitis (hay fever) occurs. Histamine is a natural chemical release by the body as a reaction to breathing in allergens through the nose or mouth. Allergens both indoors and outdoors can cause hay fever. Mold, dander from pets, dust mites, and plant pollen are common causes.

Hay fever (allergic rhinitis): what is it?

In addition to sneezing and nasal congestion, hay fever can cause irritation of the nose, throat, mouth, and eyes. A common cold is not allergic rhinitis, which is also known as infectious rhinitis. There is no contagious nature to hay fever.

What is the usual onset of hay fever?

There is no season when you cannot get hay fever. As trees and weeds bloom and pollen counts rise in spring, summer, and early fall, seasonal allergies are more likely to occur. Allergies can occur throughout the year due to perennial causes. Cockroaches, dust mites, pet dander, and pet hair are the irritants that cause them.

What is the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (hay fever)?

There is a high incidence of hay fever. A large percentage of the U.S. population suffers from allergic rhinitis. Millions of people suffer hay fever yearly, both children and adults.

Allergy rhinitis can affect who?

Families pass down allergies (inherited). An allergic parent or a family member increases your chances of getting hay fever. Hay fever is more common among people with asthma or eczema.

CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS

• Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is caused by what?

It is cause by your body’s immune system reacting to airborne irritants. You can inhale the irritants (allergens) through your nose or mouth because they are so small. Most people are not allergic to allergens. However, your immune system believes the allergen is invading if you have hay fever. By releasing natural chemicals into the bloodstream, your immune system protects your body. Histamine is the main chemical. As these mucous membranes attempt to eject the allergen, they become inflamed and itchy.

Allergic reactions may result from several allergens, including:-

• Furniture, carpets, drapes, and bedding harbor dust mites.
• Tree pollen, grass pollen, and weed pollen.
• Dander from pets (dead skin flakes).
• The spores of mold.
• Waste and saliva of cockroaches.

Inflammation of the nose and throat can also be cause by food allergies. In case of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention immediately. It is possible to die from food allergies.

• How does allergic rhinitis (hay fever) feel?

Nose allergy symptoms of hay fever can appear at any time of the year. Spring, summer, and early fall are the worst times for outdoor allergies. Flowers and weeds bloom in warm weather, causing a higher pollen count. People spend more time indoors in the winter, which can aggravate allergies caused by pet dander and dust mites.

Hay fever symptoms include:-

1. The nose feels stuffy (congested), sneezes, and runs.
2. The eyes, nose, and throat are itchy.
3. Under-eye circles, headaches, and sinus pain.
4. Throat and nose mucus are increase.
5. An overall feeling of fatigue and malaise.
6. Postnasal drip causes a sore throat.
7. Breathing difficulties, wheezing and coughing.

DIAGNOSTICS AND TESTS

• What is the diagnosis of hay fever?

During your doctor’s visit for nose alllergy, he or she will examine you, ask about your symptoms, and assess whether you have asthma or a cold. A blood sample may be taken and sent to a lab to test your antibodies to specific allergens. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) blood tests are use for this purpose. Allergies, including food allergies, can be detect with this device.

A skin prick test may be recommende by your provider to determine what allergens are causing your symptoms.

• How does a skin prick test work?

There is no pain involve in this test, though it may sometimes be a little uncomfortable. Your provider scratches or pricks your skin with different allergen samples (usually on your forearm or back) with a needle. When the skin is scratch, allergens can penetrate beneath the surface. If you are allergic to the allergen in 15 to 30 minutes, the area becomes red, itchy, and irritated. Allergic reactions can cause raised, hive-like blisters called wheals. An allergy skin prick test can identify the allergens causing your symptoms in a safe, effective manner.

TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT

Nose allergy (Hay fever) can be control with several allergy medications. Injections, eye drops, nasal sprays, and eye drops are some of the many forms of these treatments. Pregnant women and those with other health concerns should consult their provider before taking any medication. Providers may suggest:

An antihistamine can be purchased over the counter or with a prescription. In an allergic reaction, your body releases histamine, which they block. Inhalers, eye drops, nasal sprays, and pills are all forms of antihistamines. The following are among them:

• Loratadine (Claritin®).
• Cetirizine (Zyrtec®).
• Fexofenadine (Allegra®).
• Levocetirizine (Xyzal®).

Drowsiness can be caused by antihistamines. If you plan to drive while taking antihistamines, avoid alcohol. Different types of allergies treat with different methods.

What are the treatment options for allergic rhinitis (hay fever)?

A decongestant relieves nasal and sinus congestion. Decongestants can be taken orally (as pills or liquids) or inhaled (as nasal sprays). Among them are:

• Afrin® nasal spray.
• Phenylephrine nasal spray (Neo-Synephrine®).
• Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®):- It is possible for decongestants to cause high blood pressure, headaches, difficulty sleeping, and irritability. When used for more than five days, nasal decongestants can become addictive. Before taking them, speak with your provider.
• Symptoms of hay fever are relieved by these sprays and inhalers that contain corticosteroids. Flonase®, Nasacort®, and Rhinocort® are the most commonly used nasal sprays. There are a variety of side effects, such as headaches, nasal irritation, nosebleeds, and coughing.
• Inhibitors of leukotrienes:- When the body reacts to an allergen, it releases leukotrienes, histamines, and other chemicals that trigger inflammation and hay fever symptoms. The pills block leukotriene and are available only with a prescription. One leukotriene inhibitor is used most commonly: montelukast (Singulair®). Some side effects of this medication are involuntary muscle movements, skin rashes, and mood swings.
• The goal of immunotherapy is to teach your body to tolerate allergens. A small amount of the allergen is injected into your body through injections (allergy shots). As your provider administers shots, the number of allergens increases. Your immune system becomes immune to allergens and ceases to react to them over time.

It is possible that your provider will recommend that you take immunotherapy pills under the tongue.

ACTIONS TO PREVENT

Hay fever: is it preventable?

Hay fever cannot be prevented, but lifestyle changes can help you cope with it. Avoiding irritants as much as possible can relieve Nose Allergy or hay fever symptoms. Symptoms can be reduced by:

• Do not rub your eyes or nose or touch your face.
• Close your windows when pollen counts are high in spring, summer, and early fall.
• Dust mite covers should be used on pillows, mattresses, and box springs.
• Close doors to rooms you don’t want pets to enter, and keep pets off couches and beds.
• Air purifiers and air conditioners can be used to reduce allergens.
• After playing with pets, wash your hands frequently.
• Protect your eyes from pollen with a hat and sunglasses when you’re outside. When you get indoors, change your clothes.

PROGNOSIS / OUTLOOK

• How does hay fever affect people’s lives?

Although hay fever can be uncomfortable, it poses no serious health risks. Over-the-counter medications and lifestyle changes are usually enough to manage hay fever symptoms. The risk of ear infections and sinus infections is higher for people with airborne allergies. 

• Hay fever: when should I consult my healthcare provider?

Asthma and other conditions such as nose allergy can cause hay fever, so your doctor should rule them out. Get medical care if you have difficulty sleeping or living an everyday life due to hay fever symptoms. To help you feel better, your provider will be able to identify the allergens causing your reaction and recommend treatments.

• Dr Sheeru Singh‘s conclusions

Nose Allergy or Hay fever sharing can impact your quality of life and keep you from doing the things you love. Medications and lifestyle changes have proven to be effective ways to manage hay fever for millions of adults and children. If you are experiencing symptoms, breathing is complex, or you feel unwell, talk to your healthcare provider about how you can alleviate them.

A lung abscess is localized contamination inside the lung. It occurs as a complication of inadequately handled pneumonia when the microorganisms are in a position to replicate in massive numbers and cause harm to the lung tissue. The immune machine walls off the broken tissue. Therefore it is the type of pus-filled cavity located in the lungs’ surroundings. Through this, it creates breathing bacteria which results in the infection.

The rapid growth and development of the Lung abscess require outstanding hospitalization. However, it also requires diagnostic testing too. Therefore, the viable want for radiology, ultrasound offerings, or physique posture for drainage might also require some time in the hospital. Most sufferers will wholly recover.

What could be the symptoms or, say, indications of Lung Abscess?

Some other symptoms of a lung abscess generally come slowly over weeks. Dr Sheetu Singh said that this disease might additionally include:-

• Upper body pain, particularly when you inhaling
• Coughing
• Feeling of overtiredness
• Illness
• Loss of taste
• Extensively sweating at night
• Sputum (a combination of saliva and secretion) with pus that’s regularly sour-tasting, foul-smelling, or splashed with blood
• Losing weight

What would be the reason of Cause of Lung Abscess?

 Several matters can reason a lung abscess, including:-

• Not being capable of coughing: This frequently occurs as a result of:-

1. Symptoms of Anesthesia diseases
2. Liquor or use of drugs in an excessive
3. Nervous system illnesses
4. A symptom of Sedation

• Deprived oral healthiness: Persons with gum disease are more likely to get abscesses. 
• If the immune system isn’t working as well: This will let in germs that are not generally discovered in your mouth or throat, the microorganism that causes tuberculosis, a kind of strep throat, and MRSA.
• Blocked air route: Mucus can structure at the back of a tumor or foreign object in your trachea and will result in an abscess. If microorganisms get into the mucus, the blockage stops coughing it out.

How will this disease be Diagnosed?

A lung abscess can also be based primarily on signs and symptoms, danger factors, and physical findings. On a physical exam, an illness is common. However, the healthcare expert may additionally hear bronchial breath noises, and the region overlying an abscess may sound stupid when the upper body is tapped. This is describe as dryness to percussion.

A lung abscess is usually recognized in these ways:-

• X-ray of the upper body: This indicates to your health practitioner where the abscess is.
• Chest CT Scan: Mainly, the medical doctor is searching for an air- and fluid-filled hollow in the center of your lung.

The physician would possibly also use a gadget known as a bronchoscope, a skinny tube with a mild and a digicam on end, to get tasters of sputum or lung tissue for more excellent assessments if: –

•  Some of the Antibiotics medicines are not helping.
• They suppose your air route is block now.
• Or maybe the immune gadget is damage.

How will this disease be able to be treat by doctors? So what would be the Treatment?

There are numerous approaches to dealing withlung abscess diseases,as suggested by Dr. Sheetu.

• Antibiotics: Most human beings get a different type of antibiotics directly to the vein for up to 6 to 8 weeks. They have taken this treatment till a chest X-ray indicates the abscess is gone. People may change to oral antibiotics after that.
• Drainage: You can also want this if the lung abscess is about 6 centimeters or extra in diameter. The medical doctor will use a CT scan report to inform them as they insert the drain via the chest layer into the abscess.
• Surgery is use when the condition is too critical, i.e., in rare situations. However, some humans want a surgical operation to eliminate the phase of the lung.

 Sometimes the entire lung must come out to get rid of the poison. Surgery can additionally assist in taking away a foreign object. Therefore Dr. Sheetu suggests this when the condition is too critical only.

CONCLUSION

So, As per Dr. Sheetu Singh, the most favorable treatment would be Antibiotics. As it will assist most human beings in making a full recovery. And the sooner you get treatment, the better. 

It may be tougher to leap back if you’re weak, ill, have a weakened immune structure, or have a tumor that blocks your air route.

We all know how the immune system plays a role in colds and flu. Our bodies use it to fight viruses and bacteria. But how does it affect allergies? Here is a look at the link between allergies and immune health, along with some tips how to boost immune system. As a body’s army, the immune system’s primary job is to keep us healthy and free from disease. So, immune systems are very complex. This includes the hairs on your nose, the stomach acid that kills bacteria, and the digestive system in which immune cells gather. If Once pathogens pass through the body’s many frontline defenses (e.g. skin, hair, stomach acid), a response occurs, in which immune cells attack the pathogens and kill them. This usually results in cold or flu symptoms.

In what sense does the immune system function?

During an allergic reaction, how does the immune system react?

If Whenever you experience any types of allergy symptoms like coughing or sneezing, it is likely that your immune system is at the root of the problem. Symptoms such as these can be caused by hypersensitive immune systems that react to harmless substances. The immune system, made up of mast cells, has an important role to play in fighting infection. However, the best way to fight allergies is to boost the immune system. A mast cell detects an allergen by releasing histamine and other chemicals into the bloodstream. A runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing, coughing, swelling, rashes, irritated skin, and redness are all allergy symptoms caused by histamine. Patients are usually treated with antihistamines to prevent mast cells from being overactivated and producing too much histamine.

Is allergic reaction a sign that the immune system is weakened?

Allergy symptoms suggest a system that is reacting out of proportion to the threat it faces; however, this does not necessarily imply a weak immune system. The immune system’s reaction would be more appropriately described as abnormal. Having healthy and strong immunity is crucial when fighting allergy symptoms. You might experience allergy symptoms for longer than usual if your immune system is weak.

Is there a way for me to strengthen my immune system against allergies?

The immune system and allergies are closely related, so it makes sense to take care of your immune system if you want to manage allergies well. But, let’s go over my best tips for managing allergies.

• Vitamin C! 

This nutrient is an ally of the immune system, supporting the production of white blood cells that fight infection. So, you can also try a blueberry banana smoothie or carrot ginger soup for added vitamins!

• Stay hydrated.

 Most of us know that water is good for health in various ways, but are you aware that it is also good for the immune system? Supporting the immune system’s communication and biochemical pathways may be made easier by proper hydration.

• Stress-relief. 

In addition to suppressing our bodies’ immune response, prolonged stress has been shown to have even more damaging effects. Even 70% of the immune system can be suppressed by chronic stress! 

• Examine your diet. 

A variety of foods plays a crucial role in boosting immunity, and this has long been established. When meal planning, think about color and variety. Beige will not do anything for you!

• Maintain a healthy digestive system. 

Because most immune cells live in the gut, it makes sense to keep it healthy. Gut bacteria aid digestion. You may consider taking a probiotic.

• Consider taking a supplement. 

Many products are available on the market, but Immune Support stands out because it contains zinc, vitamin D, and nasturtium.

More to come! Introducing our A-Z guide to supporting your immune system by Dr. Sheetu Singh

People who use tobacco are likely to experience strong tobacco addiction or smoking urges. It is possible to resist these urges. If you feel an urge to use tobacco, keep in mind that, regardless of whether or not you smoke a cigarette or chew tobacco, it will likely pass within 5 to 10 minutes. You take a step towards stopping tobacco use every time you resist a craving. The following are ten ways to help you avoid smoking or using tobacco when you have a craving.

You can try nicotine replacement therapy

If you are interested in nicotine replacement therapy, speak with your health care provider. You can choose from:-

• Nicotine inhalers or nasal sprays on prescription
• Without a prescription, you can purchase nicotine patches, gum, and lozenges
• Stop-smoking medicines that do not contain nicotine, such as bupropion (Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, others) and varenicline

Nicotine gum, lozenges, nasal sprays, and inhalers – as well as short-acting nicotine replacement therapies, can help you overcome intense cravings. When combined with long-acting nicotine patches or non-nicotine stop-smoking drugs, short-acting therapies are usually safe.

There has been a lot of interest in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as an alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes recently. Despite this, e-cigarettes aren’t as safe or effective as nicotine-replacement medication when it comes to helping people quit smoking.

Try to avoid triggers

The strongest tobacco addiction is probably found in places where you smoked or chewed tobacco. Such as at parties and bars, or when you are stressed or drinking coffee. Prepare a plan to avoid your triggers or cope with them without using tobacco.

Don’t put yourself at risk of relapsing. Rather than smoking while you talk on the phone, keep a pen and paper nearby to keep you occupied with doodling.

• The delay

Whenever you feel like you’re about to succumb to your tobacco craving, tell yourself to wait 10 minutes first. If it helps, do something distracting in the meantime. For instance, go to a public smoking area. If you do these things, you may be able to overcome your tobacco addiction.

• Chew on it

You can resist a tobacco craving by giving your mouth something to do. Pop some sugarless gum in your mouth or eat some hard candy. If you’d like to snack on something crunchy and tasty, try raw carrots, nuts, or sunflower seeds.

• Don’t have ‘just one

To satisfy a tobacco craving, you might just smoke one cigarette. However, do not think that’s the end. It is common for one to lead to another. Eventually, you may find yourself smoking again.

• Get in shape

You can avoid the addiction to tobacco by engaging in physical activity. Running a few times up and down the stairs can reduce a tobacco craving, even if it is short-live. Try walking or jogging.

Try squats, deep knee bends, pushups, running in place, or climbing steps if you’re at home or at work. You can also try prayer, sewing, woodworking, or writing in a journal if you aren’t into physical activity. You can also clean or file documents to distract yourself.

• Practice relaxation techniques

Stress may have been relieved by smoking. It can be stressful to fight back against a tobacco craving. Use calming methods to reduce stress such as deep breathing, muscle relaxation, yoga, meditation, or listening to calming music.

• Request reinforcements

For help resisting a tobacco craving, talk to a family member, friend, or member of a support group. You can talk on the phone, take a walk, share a few laughs, or meet in person. You can also seek counseling. Support and counseling can be obtained by calling – Dr Sheetu Singh.

• Online support is available

Become a member of an online smoking cessation program. You can also leave encouraging comments on an experienced quitter’s blog for others who may be suffering from tobacco cravings. You can find out what other people have done when they experience tobacco cravings. However, if you are looking for a consult of a doctor then connect with Dr Sheetu Singh

Keep in mind the benefits

Why you want to quit smoking and resist tobacco cravings should be written down or spoken aloud. Among these reasons are How can you quit smoking:-

1. Getting better
2. Healthy living
3. Preventing secondhand smoke from harming your loved ones
4. Money-saving

You are better off doing something than nothing if you want to fight the urge to use tobacco. Your goal of being tobacco-free will be closed every time you resist a tobacco addiction.

Do asthma drugs affect pregnancy Asthma control may alter during pregnancy, so it’s important to keep an eye on it.

Risk to a fetus is more in poorly controlled asthma as compared to the risk of medications. Inhaled glucocorticoids, theophylline, beta-2 agonists, and leukotriene inhibitors are not associated with any fetal anomalies.

Yes in many studies it has been shown that heartburn worsens asthma and proton pump inhibitors have been shown to improve asthma control. In severe GERD, surgery may also be need to control asthma symptoms. However, routine use of PPI in asymptomatic GERD in asthmatics is not of any benefit.

What is Difficult Asthma?

It was in 1998 that Peter Barnes gave the concept of difficult asthma. Most asthmatics are control with ICS. But 5% are not control. Now BTS & GINA have also defined difficult asthma.

Asthma symptoms not controlled by step 4 medications (reliever + 2 or more controllers)

1. Recheck diagnosis of asthma
2. Adherence
3. Smoking history – present or past
4. Co-morbidities – GERD, sinusitis, obesity, sleep apnea

What is steroid-resistant asthma?

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have potent anti-inflammatory actions and are the most effective agents in the treatment of asthma. Asthmatics have 2 spectrums of disease steroid-responsive at one end and steroid-resistant at the other end. Patients with chronic asthma who are unresponsive to high doses of GCs and are without confounding factors have been termed GC-resistant.

There is no known treatment for glucocorticoid-resistant asthma. Treatment strategies include the use of higher doses of systemic glucocorticoids for a longer duration, nonglucocorticoid agents (eg, beta-adrenergic agonists, anticholinergic agents, anti leukotriene agents, omalizumab, cromolyn) and nonpharmacologic therapies (eg, trigger avoidance, bronchial thermoplasty). Small clinical trials of anti-interleukin (IL)-5 and anti-IL-13 have showed some benefit in GC-resistant asthma patients, but many of these innovative medicines require additional evidence of clinically relevant effects.

What are Allergy Shots?

Allergy shots are another name for immunotherapy. Subcutaneous or sublingual administration is possible. The ideal patient for IT should be more than 5 yr, with mild to moderate disease, few dominant allergens, seasonal exacerbations, patients on daily prophylactic medicines (wants to take less), and improved QOL. Not appropriate <5yr, >60 yr, h/o anaphylaxis, lack of availability of well-tested allergens.

• Long-term effects of IT persist even after IT is discontinue.
• SLIT: less effective than SCIT,
• Safer but not totally.
• Shown effective as monotherapy.
• Dosing issues persist.
• Not shown to be effective in a mixture of antigens.
• Not yet approved in our country.

Is asthma a lifelong problem or can it be cured?

There are 2 types of asthma. Half of the children who develop asthma in childhood outgrow their symptoms when they reach the age of 14-15 y. However, they may develop symptoms in later life when exposed to heavy trigger factors.

Your message for an asthmatic?

Asthma is a controllable disease and you can lead a trouble-free life with 2 Asthma treatment strategies. 

1. KEEP PRECAUTIONS OF TRIGGER AVOIDANCE.
2. TAKE YOUR MEDICINES REGULARLY.

Intrinsic (non-atopic) asthma and extrinsic (atopic) asthma)

There is no clinical or serological evidence of IgE-mediated allergy to common environmental stimuli in intrinsic asthma. When compared to controls, bronchial biopsies from such patients demonstrate increased expression of Th2-type cytokines, CC chemokines, and I/C, similar to extrinsic asthma. These data show that in this key clinically different type of the disease, there may be local IgE production directed against unknown antigens, presumably of viral origin or even autoantigens. Consult with Dr. Sheetu Singh, Asthma Specialist Doctor in Jaipur to know more about it.

Best strategy to Treat Asthma

There are 4 components of asthma –

1. Develop a patient-doctor partnership
2. Identify risk factors and reduce exposure
3. Assess, treat and monitor disease
4. Manage exacerbations

The goal of management – improve control & reduce risk – NAEPP guidelines 2007

Recurrent exacerbations and the requirement for emergency room or hospital care can be avoided.

1. Reduced lung growth in children and loss of lung function in adults can be avoided.
2. Pharmacotherapy optimization with few or no side effects.

What is the best strategy to treat asthma?

Best strategy to treat asthma inhaled corticosteroids such as beclometasone are the drugs of choice for the long-term treatment of patients with persistent asthma. Although there is no discernible difference in efficacy among inhaled corticosteroids, beclometasone is the one with which we have the most expertise. Ciclesonide (Alvesco, Nycomed then Takeda), another inhaled corticosteroid, has been tested in three double-blind trials versus budesonide and six trials versus fluticasone but none versus beclometasone. These tests revealed the “non-inferiority” of ciclesonide, especially in terms of a surrogate endpoint: the difference in compelled expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment (primary endpoint). 

Which inhaled steroid do you prefer, and why?

However, the doses of ciclesonide used in these trials were higher than the standard doses while doses of the comparator corticosteroids were lower than the standard doses, thus favoring ciclesonide. Local negative effects of inhaled corticosteroids include oral candidiasis, sore throat, and hoarseness.  Best strategy to treat asthma a routine review guided by a Cochrane group recommends that ciclesonide does not have a better adverse effect profile than other inhaled corticosteroids used at equivalent doses. Corticosteroid inhalation can also show systemic absorption. The practical benefit of once-daily dosing with ciclesonide appears minor. In practice, ciclesonide is neither more useful than the inhaled corticosteroids with which it has been compared nor does it have fewer negative effects. It is better to continue to use beclometasone, a medicine with which there is more experience.

What is an optimal dose for starting ICS

• Treatment naïve patient – step 2
• Already on treatment – step 3

Daily v/s intermittent dosing of ICS, which is better?

Daily ICS was only periodic ICS in several indicators of lung function, airway inflammation, asthma control, and reliever use. Both treatments seemed safe, but a fair growth suppression was associated with daily, compared to intermittent, inhaled budesonide and beclomethasone. The clinician should carefully consider the possible benefits and injury of each therapy option, taking into account the unknown long-term (> one year) effect of intermittent treatment on lung growth and lung function decline.

What are the advantages of adding LABA to ICS?

Bronchodilator action of LABA provides immediate relief, and ICS sustained relief improves control, reduces symptoms, Best strategy to treat asthma daytime as well as nocturnal, improves lung functions, reduces the risk of exacerbations, hospitalization we use formoterol + budesonide it acts as a controller as well as reliever medicine, also used in exercise-induced asthma

Can LABA monotherapy be used?

LABA should not be used as monotherapy because they are only bronchodilators with no anti-inflammatory effects. Monotherapy is associated with an increased risk of exacerbation and mortality. When used as add they are superior to LTRA and theo. They reduce symptoms, improve control, and use of SABA, and reduce exacerbations and nocturnal symptoms. Only a fixed-dose combination with ICS is to be used (which improves adherence and reduces the risk of monotherapy).

What is the role of LTRA in asthma as monotherapy, as add on

LTRA has a mild bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects. They may be used as monotherapy in mild asthma and aspirin-sensitive asthma. However, they are inferior to ICS and cannot replace ICS as monotherapy.

As added on they may reduce the dose of ICS needed to achieve control and improve control. However, they are inferior to LABA.

What is the role of theophylline as monotherapy, as an add-on?

Data on monotherapy are lacking. An add it improves control when control is lacking with ICS alone. However, it is inferior to LABA. In some patients on ICS + THEO, withdrawal of theo leads to deterioration of control. Usage of lower dosage has a full anti-inflammatory effect, with fewer adverse effects and blood level monitoring is not required.

Is doxycycline better than dyphylline?

It is a debatable issue. Various clinical trials have been done some supporting and others not supporting. However, meta-analysis has so far not found the superiority of doxo over deri in terms of safety and efficacy profile.

What are the benefits of using LAMA in the management of asthma?

Newer ATS/ERS guidelines published in April 2014 suggest the addition of LAMA to ICS and LABA 1. Improve FEV1 2. Reduce the use of SABA 3. Reduce the risk of exacerbation. No studies on children, so not to be used on children.

Consult with the Asthma Specialist Doctor in Jaipur, Dr. Sheetu Singh to know more information about it.

Many cells and cellular factors play a part in this chronic inflammatory condition of the airway. Chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness which is responsible for chest tightness, wheezing, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. What is asthma, These article are associated with widespread but variable airway obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment.

Symptomatic asthma – PFT, Asymptomatic – provocation challenge test Symptoms: episodic breathlessness, chest tightness, wheezing, cough – incited with allergen exposure, seasonal variation. There is a family history of asthma and allergy. History of variability in symptoms. Physical examination – wheezing may be present, silent chest in severe asthma, 

Lung Functions – FEV1, FVC, PEFR

PEFR – 1. Confirm diagnosis of asthma (>20% or >60l/min improvement post-bronchodilator or diurnal) 2. For monitoring and control.

Methacholine challenge test/ histamine challenge test/ mannitol/exercise challenge test (sensitive test – negative test rules out asthma, false-positive – allergic rhinitis, CF, bronchiectasis, COPD)

• Sputum eosinophilia, Feno
• Total Ig E – not diagnostic of atopy
• SPT – low cost and high sensitivity through false positive is high
• Rule out DD –
• FOREIGN BODY INHALATION
• VOCAL CORD DYSFUNCTION
• LVF
• COPD
• CF/BRONCHIECTASIS

How do u assess the severity

Assessment of future risk –

1. Poor control of symptoms
2. Frequent exacerbations
3. ICU admissions
4. Low FEV1
5. Cigarette smoke exposure
6. High dose medications

Old classification of patients – intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent

It is not only the severity of symptoms but its responsiveness to treatment.

What is an asthma attack?

Many patients have stable disease and they are relatively free of symptoms. But whenever they come across trigger factors they develop an increase in their symptoms.

Asthma attack comprises the episode of progressive increase in breathlessness, cough, chest tightness, and wheezing. Treatment comprises repeated doses of rapid-acting bronchodilators, systemic steroids, and oxygen if required. Milder exacerbations can be treated in community settings

What causes these symptoms?

Asthma is an inflammatory disease with the involvement of airway cells (like mast cells, eosinophils, t lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) and structural cells (airway epithelial, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells). Chemokines, cysteinyl leukotrienes, cytokines, histamine, and NO are mediators that act on these cells.

Airway narrowing is caused due to – smooth muscle contraction, airway edema, mucus hypersecretion, airway remodeling.

What signs tells a person that asthma is worsening ?

1. Breathlessness
2. Talks in 
3. Alertness
4. Wheeze
5. Respiratory rate
6. Accessory muscles of respiration
7. Pulse
8. Pulsus paradoxus
9. PEFR
10. SpO2
11. PaO2
12. PaCO2

Dr. Sheetu Singh is the best Asthma Specialist Doctor in Jaipur.

Industrialization has led to many developmental changes around us, but it has induced major environmental changes in our surroundings too. Such massive change in Earth’s environment has triggered many diseases. Impact of climate change on asthma patients one such class of diseases is a respiratory disease. The rapid increase in pollution in the last century has tremendously escalated lung disorders. Lungs are the site of exchange of gases, wherein fresh oxygen from the environment is delivered into the body and carbon dioxide is collected and exhaled out of the body. Due to an increase in the pollutants in the surroundings, not only oxygen but other poisonous gases and chemicals, when gain entry into the respiratory tract, can cause disease.

The relationship between environmental factors and asthma isn’t new. Various anthropogenic factors have contributed to a manifold increase in the cases of Asthma over the last few decades. An increase in air pollutants and allergens in the atmosphere is contemporaneously leading to asthma prevalence lately. Several factors might contribute to asthma exacerbations, that include pollen allergies, global warming, increased vehicle emissions, and air pollution. Climate change can increase many types of breathing problems.

Effect of altered climate on increased pollen period

The release of pollen grains into the air is a necessary event for wind-pollinated flowers, and seasonal allergies were considered moderately regulated. But global warming has increased carbon dioxide levels significantly which in turn has also risen Earth’s average temperature. This change has disrupted the occurrence and duration of pollen season. In response to high temperature and high CO2 levels, plants photosynthesize more and produce more pollens. These pollens remain in the air for quite some time. Pollen when gaining entry into the respiratory tract of humans, act as allergens. Some people are more sensitive than others, and thus start producing allergic symptoms. Prolonged pollen allergy and hypersensitivity can also induce diseases like asthma due to airway inflammation.

Dust and Asthma: 

Asthma once occurs, has a variety of triggers, dust being one of them. Dust particles can cause inflammation in the airway. This is accompanied by excessive secretion of mucus which then creates difficulty in breathing. Smaller dust particles can irritate the lungs and can worsen breathing difficulties. Also, dust can’t just be an asthma trigger, it can cause asthma in young children too. Prolonged exposure to smaller dust particles can cause this disease in children at a very tender age. This asthma causing and trigger factor can simply be avoided by taking precautions if taken care of.

Air pollution and Asthma: 

Particulate matter also goes by the name “particle pollution” is a mixture of extremely small particles with tiny droplets, which include chemicals, dust or soil particles, acids, etc. The particulate matter might vary in size, the smallest particles can reach up to the alveoli, directly affecting the exchange of gases inside the lungs. This environmental factor has the utmost impact on respiratory health. These substances aggravate respiratory issues, such as asthma, by blocking the airways of the respiratory tract due to increased debris and mucus. These substances are increased in the environment due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Urbanization and industrialization affect the concentration of such substances in the surroundings.

How asthmatic people take precautions

As the environmental conditions are constantly deteriorating, it is mandatory to know the triggers of your asthma conditions and impact of climate change on asthma patients. There is no precise test for the diagnosis of asthma. It is symptomatically diagnosed and is treated based on the symptoms stated. A complete cure for asthma is however not available. Prevention is the best help for asthma patients. Also, the above-mentioned causes and trigger points can be checked. Short-term relief can be provided with the help of inhalers and nebulizers. Keeping an Asthma action plan handy is a must too. If your asthma symptoms uncontrollable and trigger often in most of the day then visit top pulmonologist in Jaipur Dr Sheetu Singh.

Bronchitis and covid 19 both are respiratory diseases and have somewhat similar symptoms. Therefore, it is difficult to differentiate if you have coronavirus or Bronchitis. So how do you know between Bronchitis and COVID-19 Differentiation? Read till last and get full details. 

The issue begins when the airways in the lungs (known as the bronchial pipes) become infected or swollen. It makes it difficult for air to move in and out of the tubes. But, you need not worry because of Bronchitis, as it is completely treatable if the correct diagnosis is done. 

Some of the common causes of bronchitis are; bacteria, viruses, irritants, and smoking.

There are two types of bronchitis –

1. Acute bronchitis (normally lasts for a few weeks) –
2. Chronic Bronchitis –

1 – Acute bronchitis

Some of the symptoms include:-

1. Cough 
2. Fever, 
3. Sore throat 
4. and wheezing, etc.

2 – Chronic Bronchitis- 

Chronic Bronchitis is slightly more severe than acute bronchitis. It is suggestive of other lung concerns, such as COPD. And the main symptoms are cough and breathing problems (that last for months or even years). 

One important thing to remember is that bronchitis is curable with the right diagnosis and treatment.

Covid-19

Covid 19 is a respiratory infection that affects the nose, throat, airways, or lungs. 

COVID-19 is very contagious and spreads from person to person.

How does it spread? 

• The coronavirus can travel through the air in respiratory droplets from a sneeze or cough and then into the lungs. 
• The virus can survive on surfaces, such as phones, door handles, or countertops. 
• If you touch something that has the virus on it, it can pass from your hands to your mouth, nose, or eyes.
• It can also spread through direct contact (such as by shaking hands)

The disease can take a more dangerous form in aged people and patients with high blood pressure, heart problems, and diabetes. Apart from this, the virus is more easily affected by people already suffering from any disease or people who have low immunity.

Bronchitis v/s COVID-19 | COVID-19 and Bronchitis Differentiation

Anything that causes inflammation of the bronchi (tubes that carry air from the trachea to the lungs). Bronchitis starts with a common cold and is caused by the same virus that causes flu. And on the other hand, Covid is caused by the virus Sars Cov 2. Only a professional doctor can tell you that you have covid or bronchitis. Do not use any medicine and do anything without seeking a doctor’s advice. 

Causes symptoms and treatment of covid and bronchitis

• COVID

1. Fever/chills
2. Nausea
3. Diarrhea
4. Smell lose
5. Congestion
6. Headache
7. Ache and pain

• BRONCHITIS 

1. Tiredness
2. Coughing (with mucus)
3. Runny nose
4. Low-grade fever
5. Sore throat
6. Chest discomfort
7. Block nose and sinuses.

• Precaution from bronchitis

1. Do not come in contact with anyone who has cold or acute bronchitis as there is a risk of infection. 
2. Bronchitis is caused by a virus or bacteria therefore, if someone sneezes or coughs, the disease can spread to others.
3. Cigarette smoke is harmful to our health so do not smoke cigarettes or tobacco. And If someone you know is smoking cigarettes then stay away from them.
4. Before going out, wear a mask or cover your mouth and nose with a cloth, especially if you are in contact with pollution, paint, or cleaning products.
5. Keep an air moistening device near you.
6. At times, you may also need to have a chest X-ray, sputum, or lung tests to rule out bronchitis. 

According to Asthma Specialist Dr. Sheetu Singh, drinking water dilutes the mucus present in the lungs. Moreover, Mullein tea also provides relief in this condition. 

Apart from that, do regular exercise to keep your lungs healthy. 

For some patients, doctors also recommend inhalers and oxygen therapy.

Dr Sheetu Singh is a well-experienced asthma specialist. And she ensures that the best treatment is given to her patients. You can visit her if you are facing any of the symptoms, and get your treatment done.

Vaccines remain highly effective in preventing serious illness and hospitalization or death due to COVID-19. The recently launched booster dose is an additional dose of vaccine to offer further protection. Lungs specialist Dr. Sheetu Singh is telling, can Booster Dose help to protect against XE Variant? But before that, let’s find out when we can get a Booster dose.

When can we get Booster Dose?

• You can have a booster dose for at least nine months after the second dose. (However, it also depends on what type of vaccine you got initially)
• If someone caught covid-19, then it will be a minimum of 90 days after the patient’s recovery.

Can Booster Dose Help To Protect Against XE Variant- Dr. Sheetu Singh

After the XE variant, there is confusion among the public, and most probably the people; who are already suffering from a serious disease. Hence, the Booster dose, which is referred to as a precautionary dose, is beneficial for people who have a weak immune system. And also for the people who have severe diseases like Asthma, Diabetes, HIV, or cancer.

Benefits of Booster Dose for Asthma Patients

Even though there is no proof of which vaccine is beneficial for Asthma patients against the XE Variant. But a booster dose will surely decrease the chance of getting a severe coronavirus or its variant. The chances of getting severe complications from vaccines are very infrequent. However, it also depends on factors like age and how you controlled your Asthma? Or whether you have any other illness.

A booster dose is required because people are complaining that after taking two doses, the effect of the vaccine is decreasing. And apart from that, after COVID XE Variant, people fear that this will cause severe illness.

How to book a booster shot?

Booster shots are for those who have already taken two doses of the COVID vaccine. Eligible people will get the message from Covin’s website. Afterward, you have to type your registered mobile number, and you’ll get the OTP, and it will show if you completed your nine months or not.

COVID 19 VACCINE BENEFITS

COVID-19 vaccines are safe, effective, and life-saving. However, they do not ensure total protection for all vaccinated people. And we are not yet aware of how effective they are in preventing the transmission of the virus between people. For this reason, in addition to the choice to get vaccinated, you must continue to take other measures to combat the pandemic.

WHO also approves all anti-COVID-19 vaccines. And included in the list for emergency use have undergone clinical studies to test their quality, safety, and efficiency.

Also Visit: Are minors more at risk of Covid-19 than adults?

COVID 19 VACCINES BENEFITS FOR KIDS

• As children are going to school, vaccines will help to decrease the chances of spreading the virus.
• It helps in preventing getting COVID-19 easily.
• They can continue their education without getting interrupted.

If you are facing any COVID-19 symptoms, and are facing any respiratory issues, you can contact Dr. Sheetu Singh, a Lung specialist in Jaipur.

It’s normal to be out of breath after intense physical activity. But, when you face this problem even after simple exercise, then you might need a doctor’s consultation. But you can also do a self-check of your breathing. In this article, we will tell you about the different types of breathing problems and what are the causes and symptoms of breathing problems. Types of Breathing Problems, Causes and Symptoms – Dr. Sheetu Singh

• Hyperpnoea

In Hyperpnoea, you take your breathing deeper, And sometimes faster (i.e. during exercise). This cause does not need medical attention until and unless it’s caused without any physical activity. Hyperpnoea is the response from your body to the brain to adjust your breathing.

• Dyspnea

Dyspnea is also known as Shortness of Breath. In this situation, when you can’t get enough air to breathe or you experience tightness in your chest. Tough exercise, high temperature, and obesity are the primary cause of Dyspnea.

And sometimes, Dyspnea starts because of low blood pressure, heart attack, carbon monoxide poisoning, or asthma attack.

• Bradypnea

In this condition, when you breathe at a slow rate compared to your normal breathing speed. Bradypnea can cause:-

1. Dizziness
2. Tiredness
3. Lightheadedness

• Kussmaul Breathing

The situation is when the body produces too much acid. Some of the Kussmaul Breathing are:

1. Organ Failure
2. Overuse of Alcohol
3. Sepsis

Cause and Symptoms of Breathing Problems

There is several cause of breathing problems :-

• Health-Related

1. Anemia
2. Asthma
3. Lung cancer
4. Pneumonia
5. Croup
6. COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease),
7. COVID-19
8. And any other heart and lung diseases.
9. Bronchitis

• Medical emergencies

1. Drowning
2. Heart attack
3. Injury to neck, lungs
4. Any type of allergy reaction
5. Blood clotting in lungs

• Symptoms

Now talk about the symptoms of the Breathing problems

1. Suddenly trouble with breathing
2. Not able to breathe
3. Pain/discomfort in the chest
4. Not able to do even day to day activities
5. Breath rapidly
6. Dizziness or anxious
7. Difficulty in speaking
8. Cough Blood
9. Sweating
10. Whistling sound while breathing

The most important thing you should do while someone is facing any breath-related issue is to immediately dial the medical emergency number. And while waiting for the ambulance:-

• Check the pulse of the patient
• Loosen their clothes
• Help the person in using an inhaler or home oxygen (if prescribed by the doctor)

And if you are facing breathing problems, then try to calm down while waiting for the ambulance. Sit straight and take someone’s help if possible.

Haemophilus influenza is a Gram-negative, Plumorphic coccobacillus, which causes a variety of infections and some serious infections, including meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, epiglottis, conjunctivitis, cellulitis, or arthritis. The Types and Evaluation of Influenza species represents the main pathogen of this genus. Children and the elderly are the most susceptible to serious infections caused by these microorganisms. The former suffered mostly from meningitis and later from pneumonia.

Some strains are Haemophilus influenza they are bound and others are not. Capsules are typeable according to the type of carbohydrate in the capsule. The types described by A, B, C, D, E, and F are known as different types.

Types and Evaluation of Influenza

At the laboratory level, these can be isolated with polysaccharides using antisera aggregating antibodies.

Capsulated strains are pathogenic. Type B These are the most invasive and frequently isolated in the infectious process. Non-capsulated is considered habitual microbiota and although they may be contagious, they are not usually invasive and do not represent a greater risk.

They are difficult to distinguish at the laboratory level, as they require highly enriched media for optimal development, such as chocolate agar or lethal agar.

This is why these microorganisms fall into the group of bacteria that claim to be from a nutritional point of view, although some authors prefer to call them annoying microorganisms.

• Disease (pathogenesis)

These are transmitted by microbial secretions, mainly respiratory problems (saliva and mucus) excreted by sick people or carriers of bacteria.

If the patient sneezes or coughs, the bacteria are excreted in the excreta. Bacteria are spread in the environment and are inhaled by sensitive individuals.

Haemophilus influenza is a pyogenic microorganism that causes it to produce purulent secretions.

Its main pathologies are meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, epiglottitis, conjunctivitis, and otitis, among others. Here are given different types of disease –

1. Septicemia  – When bacteria enter the bloodstream it is called bacteremia and is an important step in the spread of microorganisms to other organs or tissues. When the number of microorganisms in the blood multiplies, it is called septicemia, a condition that compromises the patient’s general condition.
2. Meningitis – Meningitis is a serious disease that causes neck, headaches, nausea, or changes in behavior and some cases leads to death. This infection is common in children.
3. Pneumonia – A previous respiratory tract infection, such as bronchitis or acute fibrillar tracheobronchitis, can cause this serious complication. The symptoms include a high fever, dyspnea, or productive cough with cauliflower chin. It can coexist with bacteremia. This involvement is more common in older adults.
4. Conjunctivitis – Conjunctivitis presents redness, burning, swelling of the eyelids, presence of purulent discharge, or sensitivity to light (photophobia).

• Diagnosis

Culture is the best way to diagnose. Samples will depend on the infectious process.

If meningoencephalitis is suspected, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid should be taken by a lumbar puncture for cytochemical study and culture. In case of septicemia, blood samples will be taken to perform multiple blood cultures.

If the process is conjunctivitis, the secretion of this mucus will be taken. In the case of pneumonia, a specimen of sputum or bronchial lavage is cultured.

Detection can also be done using manual biochemical tests or by automated systems such as VTech2.

• Treatment

Types and Evaluation of Influenza Haemophilus  It can be treated with beta-lactam like ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam. Third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone, are often used in severe infections.

It is important to note that ampicillin is no longer used because most isolated strains are currently resistant to this antibiotic, due to the production of beta-lactamase.

Macrolides and quinolones can be used.

However, the most advisable issue is to administer and treat antibiotics according to the sensitivity of the report.

• Resistance

Type Haemophilus influenza E B after the introduction of the vaccine against it, this microbial cause has significantly reduced the incidence of meningitis.

So, capsular antigen type B (polydipsia-ribitol-phosphate) H. Influenza is included in the pentavalent vaccine which also fights against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and hepatitis B.

The vaccine is given in 3 or 4 doses. The 4-dose schedule is as follows:

The first dose is started at 2 months of age. Two more doses are then given every two months (at ages 4 and 6 months). Finally, the fourth dose is placed 6 or 9 months after the third. The last dose represents a boost.

Inhalers are the most useful way for people with asthma and other lung diseases to access life-saving drugs. If you suffer from asthma or you care for someone who has asthma, here’s all you need to know about inhalers, including how to use them correctly and Advantages and Disadvantages of inhaler. When nebulizers and inhalers were first introduced to the world in the 1930s and 1950s, this was exactly what people with lung diseases, like asthma, had been searching for centuries. It allowed them to take the medicine they needed to control and treat their disease more easily.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Inhaler

Inhalers for asthma are small, mobile devices that administer medication to the lungs. As a result, inhalers quickly became the top choice for respiratory patients. To assist control asthma symptoms, a range of asthma inhalers are available. You can receive the medication you need to prevent or treat asthma attacks if you find the right one and use it correctly.

Inhaler technique | How to Use Inhaler

Inhalers are devices to deliver medications for the treatment of obstructive airway disease including Asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are different types of inhalation devices primarily including dry powder inhalers (DPI) and metered-dose inhalers (MDI). It is essential to take the inhaler properly, if not taken properly the medication would not reach the proper site.

Advantages of inhaler

The dose of medication in the inhaler is almost one-tenth of the dose taken in oral form. The response to medication is quick. Since oral absorption is minimal, side effects are not significant for the inhaler. Side effects are thus minimal, the response is quick and better.

Disadvantages of inhaler 

There is some oral deposition that leads to oral ulcers, candidiasis, and dysphonia. However, all these side effects can be avoided if the mouth is rinsed thoroughly after inhalation.

Advantages of a spacer

The spacer is a device to be placed between the mouth and the MDI. The extra medicine deposits in the spacer, thereby oral deposition is very less. Thus, the above-mentioned side-effects are also very few.

How to take a DPI?

1. First, put the capsule in the device
2. Rotate the device till the capsule breaks
3. Blow out completely
4. Take the mouthpiece in the mouth and seal it with lips
5. Fast and deep breath in
6. Hold for 10 seconds
7. Blow out completely
8. Rinse mouth

How to take MDI with a spacer?

1. Shake inhaler
2. Fix it in the spacer
3. Blow out completely
4. Take the mouthpiece in the mouth and seal it with lips
5. Slow and deep breath in
6. Hold for 10 seconds
7. Blow out completely
8. Rinse mouth

Myths and facts about inhaler

• It is habit-forming – FALSE

Truth – It is a requirement not addicting

• It has many side effects – FALSE

Truth – It causes lesser side effects than oral medicines

In this modern era, there is rapid progress, but pollution is also increasing dangerously. Now lung diseases are expanding rapidly due to pollution. In some states of India, pollution has increased so much that the air is not even suitable for breathing. Due to these reasons, lung patients are increasing and the most common disease among them is asthma. Asthma patients cannot depend only on medicine. Asthma can be controlled by making some lifestyle changes, but if you need an asthma specialist doctor, visit Dr. Sheetu Singh.

Children’s lives are much more affected due to the pandemic. From schooling to playing, the complete daily routine of children is not working out. Are minors more at risk of Covid-19 than adults? This question is in everyone’s mind, every parent is worried about their children. As compared to adults, children wear less risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to it, after a long period, the mild effects have been recognized in children. They could experience milder symptoms like fever, cough, fatigue, and low-grade. Only a few children can have severe complications, but they are less common. Children with some health conditions may only face some severe illness.  

The complication that can occur in children is a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), which can lead to major health issues for a long time. Symptoms of MIS-C can include:

● fever for more than a couple of days

● rash

● bloodshot eyes

● stomachache

● vomiting and/or diarrhea

● neck pain

● red, cracked lips

● swollen hands and/or feet

● unusual sleepiness or weakness

How are newborns affected by COVID-19?

COVID-19 can be transferred to newborns during labor or by touching with sick caretakers after delivery. When caring for your baby during your clinic stay after labor, wear a face mask and keep your hands hygienic if you have COVID-19.

How to treat Children from COVID-19 

Dr. Sheetu Singh is one of the top Asthma Specialist in Jaipur. Along with being the best doctor, she is a well-experienced specialist. Parents are always concerned about their children. The most constant question they raise is Are minors more at risk of Covid-19 than adults? Dr. Sheetu Singh is humble to her patients. She ensures the best treatment for everyone. If your child is suffering from any symptoms of Covid-19, you can visit Dr. Sheetu Singh. 

Medical Thoracoscopy is used to observe the pleura and take biopsies from abnormal areas. Sometimes it is used to break adhesions and treat septated pleural effusions. Medical Thoracoscopy performed by Best Thoracoscopy Expert Doctor in India. 

Assessment is done prior to Medical Thoracoscopy

A diagnostic pleural tap is always done prior to the procedure. An exudative fluid indicates the need for thoracoscopy. A CT scan is necessary before a better CT scan procedure for contrast. This helps in assessing the pleura and the lung parenchyma beneath the fluid. A blood test that includes complete blood count, serum creatinine level, bleeding profile, and viral markers are also performed. COVID-19 PCR should be done prior to the procedure, depending on the prevalence of the infection in the area. Blood thinners need to be, stopped five days prior to the test.

Things to remember on the day of the procedure

Fasting is recommended for 6 hours for solid food and 4 hours for clear liquids. The routine medications should be continued for blood pressure. Diabetic patients should avoid their Insulin and hypoglycemic medicines on the day of the test.

Procedure

The procedure is conducted through a nick in the chest wall. You may get some intravenous (IV) injections prior to and during the sedation method. After local anesthesia at the site of nick, the scope is inserted. The pleura is observed and biopsies are taken. In the case of adhesions, they are broken with adhesiolysis forceps and the scope. After the scope is removed, a chest tube is left in place to drain the fluid. The procedure usually takes 30-40 minutes.

Precautions after the procedure

The patient controls to avoid any oral liquids or solids for another 2 hours after the procedure. A light meal is suggested after 2 hours. The chest tube would remain in the chest till the fluid stops coming, usually a couple of days (in case of malignant effusions, the duration may be longer). The common after-effects of the procedure are – pain at the site, soakage of dressing with fluid, sleepiness, and vomiting. These can be managed with symptomatic medicines. Usually, a patient is kept admitted for a day or two post-procedure. In certain cases, the patient may be sent home after the procedure. 

Follow-up

Medical thoracoscopy is a safe procedure and does not have any long-term complications. Once the chest tube is removed and the diagnosis is made, optimal treatment will be started. The microbiology and pathology reports come in 3-5 days’ periods. If mycobacterial cultures are applied they usually take 4 weeks. Medical thoracoscopy is a safe procedure with a minimal complication rate.

More More Information & Details Visit Immediately to the Dr Sheetu Singh Top Pulmonologist in India

EndoBronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) Bronchoscopy – EBUS bronchoscopy is used to locate mediastinal lymph nodes or masses and take samples from them. Diseases that are not present in the lumen and not approachable by routine bronchoscopy are accessed with EBUS bronchoscopy, and it is done by an EBUS Bronchoscopy specialist in Jaipur.

Assessment is done prior to Endo Bronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) Bronchoscopy

EBUS Bronchoscopy specialist in Jaipur a CT scan is preferable to a contrast CT scan is necessary before the procedure. This helps in locating the lymph nodes before the procedure. A blood test which includes complete blood count, serum creatinine level, bleeding profile, and viral markers are also done. COVID-19 PCR should be done before the procedure depending on the prevalence of the infection in the area. Blood thinners need to be stopped 5 days prior to the test.

Things to remember on the day of the procedure

Fasting of 6 hours for solid food and 4 hours for clear liquids is recommended. The routine medications should be continued for blood pressure. Diabetic patients should avoid their Insulin and hypoglycemic medicines on the day of the test.

Procedure

Dr. Sheetu Singh is an EBUS Bronchoscopy specialist, she performed all the EBUS procedures in Jaipur. The procedure is performed through the mouth. In cases where there is limited mouth opening, a trial may be done through the nose. You may get some intravenous (IV) injections prior to the procedure. After a local spray, the scope is inserted through the mouth. Some local anesthesia is instilled at the vocal cords, after this, the vocal cords are crossed. Inside the windpipe, the lymph nodes are localized with the help of ultrasound. Once localized they are sized. The needle is then inserted and the material is sucked out under ultrasound guidance. The procedure usually takes 30-40 minutes.

Precautions after the procedure

The patient has to avoid any oral liquids or solids for another 2 hours after the procedure. A light meal is recommended after 2 hours. The common after-effects of the procedure are – pain in the throat, fever, coughing out of slight blood, sleepiness, and vomiting. These can be managed with symptomatic medicines. After observation for 2 hours, the patient can go home after judging the clinical condition. In cases where a patient is requiring oxygen, he/she may need to be admitted to the hospital for the same. After the procedure, if the patient has the following symptoms they should contact the doctor immediately – coughing out large amounts of blood, difficulty in breathing, and drop in oxygen saturation to <88%.

Follow-up

EBUS bronchoscopy does not have any long-term complications. The microbiology and pathology reports come in 3-5 days periods. If mycobacterial cultures are applied they usually take 4 weeks. EBUS bronchoscopy is a safe procedure with a minimal complication rate.

For More Information & Details about EndoBronchial Ultrasound EBUS Bronchoscopy Visit Direct to the Dr. Sheetu Singh Chest Specialist 

Asthma Specialist Doctor in India: Asthma is a disease in which your lung airways narrow and swell. It creates excess mucus, that’s will be causing breathing difficulty and trigger coughing, a whistling sound when you exhale, and shortness of breath. For a few people, asthma is a minor issue. For others, it can be a critical issue that conflicts with everyday activities and should build a life-threatening asthma attack. During an asthma strike, the airways will swell, the tissues around them will stiffen, and it becomes dense for air to shift in and out of the lungs. Asthma is not an infection, but it is caused, by an overreaction of the human immune system. Only some people have sensitive immune systems which trigger asthma.

Asthma is a long-term condition affecting the Lungs. It involves infection and reduction inside the lungs, which reduces air supply. There are many reasons to cause asthma, like Animal hair or dander, Dust, Changes in the weather, Mold, Pollen, Respiratory infections, Tobacco smoking. Asthma can never be completely fixed, but its signs can be managed and controlled. Because asthma continually expands over time, you must handle it with your doctor to track your signs and symptoms and take your treatment as required.

Symptoms of Asthma

Asthma symptoms fluctuate from person to person. You will have infrequent asthma attacks and have symptoms only several times like when you did, exercising, running, polluted areas, dust.

Symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness or pain
• Wheezing when exhaling
• Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath
• Excessive Coughing or Wheezing

Asthma in Childhood

Asthma is the most common disease in children. It can occur at any age but, it is slightly more common in children than adults. Children aged 5–14 years were presumably to suffer from asthma.

Some Common Symptoms in Childhood Asthma Include – Respiratory infections and colds, cigarette smoke, including secondhand cigarette smoke, allergens, air pollutants, exposure to cold air, sudden changes in temperature, excitement, stress, exercise.

How to Diagnosis Asthma

If you think that you have asthma, visit your doctor. They will refer you to a lung disease expert, and they are called pulmonologists or a chest specialist. 

• Breathing tests (Spirometry)
• Health history
• Physical exam
• Chest X-ray
• CT
• Allergy tests

Asthma Treatment

Many asthma treatments can ease your symptoms and, treatments for asthma come into three main categories,

1. breathing exercises
2. quick-acting treatments
3. long-term asthma control medications

Asthma can be managed by following some daily habits and daily routines. You can take steps every day to help yourself and reduce your risk for asthma attacks.

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Quitting smoking
• Managing stress
• Eating a healthier diet
• Exercising regularly

When to see an Asthma Specialist Doctor

If you can feel symptoms of asthma such as weakness and can not perform daily activities, have wheezing, or a cough that does not go away, then visit your doctor immediately. If you can’t find a doctor for asthma, then you can come to Dr Sheetu Singh. She is one of the best lungs specialists and pulmonologists in India.

Thermoplasty Specialist Doctor in Jaipur:- Asthma affects the airways to swell and become infected. The airways become tinier that making it more difficult for you to breathe. The walls of large airways have a layer of smooth tissue. This part will be thicker in people with severe asthma. During an asthma attack, the layer of tissue can constrict and narrow the airways. Bronchial thermoplasty is an infiltration asthma method in which a tube called a bronchoscope is inserted into a person’s mouth or nose and connected through the airways to the lungs. Once the pipe dilates, that widens the airway, allowing more air to flow into the lungs. Bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of, asthma and gives relief to the patient to a great extent. Asthma is never completely cured, but this treatment controls asthma. 

Bronchial Thermoplasty Specialist : Risk, Treatment, Side Effects

Bronchial thermoplasty is performed in three sessions, each surgery covering one-third of the lungs at a time. Bronchial thermoplasty is a modern yet hopeful treatment for severe asthma whose benefit for long-term asthma control exceeds the short-term danger of degradation and hospitalization in the days following the BT procedure. 

Bronchial Thermoplasty is performed through the Faculty of Bronchoscopy Endoscopy and takes about an hour to finish. The minimally invasive method like many other flexible endoscopy procedures is performed under mild sedation. Post-procedure, patients typically are observed and monitored for about 2-4 hours. You will go to a hospital to get the treatment of bronchial thermoplasty. It is presented in three separate sessions, each about three weeks. Each surgery takes less than an hour, and another part of your lungs gets treated each one time. Only professionals can do this treatment. When these surgeries are performed there is a risk of lung damage, so only experienced doctors can do it. Some side effects can also come from this surgery, let’s know the side effects of Thermoplasty.

Side Effects of Thermoplasty

The most common side effects of bronchial thermoplasty include:

1. Coughing
2. Wheezing
3. Shortness of breath
4. Pulmonary artery complications
5. Respiratory infections

Benefits of Bronchial thermoplasty

1. Decrease regular symptoms of asthma
2. Decrease the number of sick days 
3. Decrease the need for steroid medications
4. Help keep you out of hospital or emergency department.

Bronchial thermoplasty does not relieve asthma. But it’s going to make you feel better and breathe better.

Eligibility of Bronchial Thermoplasty

You will be a good candidate for the BT if:

1. 18 years of age or older,
2. Severe Asthma
3. Symptoms are not well controlled

If you’re considering bronchial thermoplasty, you’ll undergo a radical medical evaluation that has tests like pulmonary function tests (PFTs), as well as an assessment of what proportion asthma controller and rescue medication you’re using. Because inflammatory asthma might not improve with BT, you might even have blood tests to look at your level of inflammation.

Where To Go For Bronchial Thermoplasty

If you have severe asthma symptoms that you cannot control with medicine and an inhaler, you can immediately come to Dr Sheetu Singh.

She is one of the best Asthma Specialist Doctor in India. She has good experience in respiratory system surgery and operation Dr. Sheetu is a thermoplasty specialist doctor in Jaipur.

A biopsy is a procedure conducted to remove tissue or cells from the body for examining under a microscope. A lung biopsy is a test in which a sample of lung tissue is taken to check whether lung disease or cancer is present. Best Biopsy Specialist in Jaipur may also get a lung biopsy to help find why there’s liquid in your lungs and diagnose cancer. Lungs Biopsy is usually done to know the presence of cancer in the lungs. A small sample of lungs is examined under a microscope. You will have many questions on how is it done and how to prepare. A lot depends on which sort of lung biopsy your doctor recommends.  

Best Biopsy What is the Biopsy and the Procedure | Biopsy Specialist in Jaipur | Dr. Sheetu Singh in Jaipur

Lung biopsies are performed using both a closed and open method, with closed methods performed in the skin or trachea. An open biopsy is performed under general anesthesia in the operating room. People can feel some anxiety before a biopsy. However, understanding the nature of the procedure, and the risks and benefits, can help someone feel more comfortable before.

Types and procedure of Biopsy

• Transbronchial Biopsy – Transbronchial Biopsy is also called a Bronchoscopy. This type of biopsy is done through a fiberoptic bronchoscope, a long thin pipe with a near-focused telescope on the end for viewing through the vital airways of the lung bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy is a method of visualizing air routes for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
• Needle Biopsy – After giving an anesthetic, The doctor uses the needle is guided the chest wall into a suspicious area with a CT scan or fluoroscopy (X-ray) to obtain a tissue sample. This type of biopsy may also be called a closed (through the skin) biopsy.
• Open Biopsy – After giving an anesthetic, the doctor cuts the skin on the chest and surgically removes a bit of lung tissue. Relying on the biopsy results, more extensive surgery, such as removing part of the lung, may be performed during the procedure. An open biopsy is a surgical method and requires a hospital stay.

What Happens After Lung Biopsy

A lung biopsy sample will send to a lab, and you’ll get the results within a week. You may have chest pain for the next several days. If you have a wound from the procedure, follow your doctor’s directions to wash it. You’ll usually return to your normal activities but may have to avoid excessive physical activity for some days.

Risks and Complications – Pneumonia may be a risk for all kinds of lung biopsies. Pneumothorax, where air leaks out between the lung and chest cavity, can make it difficult to breathe or cause your lung to collapse with these procedures, but your doctor will watch for this and suck out air as required. Other unusual but severe complexities of surgical lung biopsies may include critical bleeding, wound infection, and blood clots. Fever above 100.4 degrees, chest pain, shortness of breath, redness, swelling from the wound.

Dr Sheetu Singh is one of the best Biopsy Specialists in Jaipur. She is a Pulmonologist and Interstitial Lung Disease Expert in India. If anyone needs a biopsy and thoracoscopy, see Dr Sheetu Singh immediately.